Digestive System Disorders

Liver Disease

The liver is one of the largest organs in the human body and processes alcohol and other toxins while removing waste from the blood stream. It also stores useful nutrients such as vitamins, sugars and fats.

The liver is one of the largest organs in the human body and processes alcohol and other toxins while removing waste from the blood stream. It also stores useful nutrients such as vitamins, sugars and fats.

According to the American Liver Foundation (ALF), nearly 1 in every 10 Americans suffers from some form of liver disease. ALF said that of the Americans with liver disease, thousands are unaware of their condition. The organization believes that if detected early, several types of liver diseases can be prevented. The founders of ALF also claim that through education, preventative screenings and vaccinations, thousands will be spared this potentially deadly disease.

What is Liver Disease?

The Mayo Clinic, which is a nationally recognized not-for-profit facility dedicated to diagnosing and treating complex illnesses, have found that several variations of liver disease affecting millions of Americans exist.

Of the various types of liver disease, the most common types of liver diseases are known as hepatitis, cirrhosis, alcohol-induced liver disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which "describes a range of conditions involving the liver that affects people who drink little or no alcohol," as defined by the Mayo Clinic.

Hepatitis is the most common form of liver disease. It occurs when the liver is inflamed and is linked to the spread of various viruses, but can also be developed because of poisons entering the body, an autoimmunity or hereditary condition.

Cirrhosis of the liver, also known as chronic liver disease, is a very serious and deadly form of liver disease.

Cirrhosis of the liver is caused by fibrous tissue developing in the liver that replaces dead liver cells, which may have died because of exposure to viral hepatitis, toxic chemicals or alcohol. Cirrhosis may cause severe scarring of the liver.

Alcohol-induced liver disease is caused through excessive consumption of alcohol primarily from individuals with disorders known as alcohol dependence or alcohol abuse. According to researchers at ALF, alcohol abuse is a leading cause of morbidity and morality around the world. In the United States, nearly 10 percent of men and 3 percent of women suffer from problems related to alcohol consumption, including liver disease.

NAFLD is also known as "fatty liver" disease and it can be caused by several issues such as obesity, diabetes, elevated cholesterol and elevated triglyceride levels. NAFLD can often be difficult to diagnose in beginning stages, but can rapidly worsen. The Mayo Clinic reports that cases of NAFLD can and have progressed to stages of severe cirrhosis or liver cancer.

There are an array of signs that are common among nearly all types of liver disease, according to researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) Medical Center.

These symptoms include:

depression

jaundice or yellowing of the skin

loss of appetite, nausea

unusual weight loss or weight gain

darkened urine

vomiting

diarrhea, light-colored stools

abdominal pain in upper right part of stomach

vague feelings of illness

varicose veins

hypoglycemia

loss of sex drive

fatigue

low grade fever

generalized itching

muscle aches and pains

susceptibility to bleeding

enlarged and tender liver

enlarged spleen

edema or under-the-skin swelling

aplastic anemia

ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

encephalopathy

changes in mental state or level of consciousness

If an individual shows any of these signs or symptoms, it is necessary for them to seek medical assistance immediately.

Developing Liver Disease

There are several possible risk factors for developing liver disease, although it is difficult to determine some cases and many researchers believe it is unclear as to what the determines NAFLD. According to the UIC Medical Center, the following are several potential causes of liver disease:

congenital birth defects or abnormalities at birth

metabolic disorders or basic body processes with defects

viral or bacterial infections

nutritional deficiencies

trauma or injury

alcohol or poisoning by toxins can attribute to alcoholic-related liver disease

Additionally, the U.S. Federal Drug Administration (FDA) warned of another potential risk for individuals developing liver disease. The FDA detailed a strong link of liver failure with the Ketek (telithromycin) antibiotic manufactured by Saofi Aventis.

Ketek is used to treat bacterial infections of the lung such as:

mild- to moderate-pneumonia

acute worsening of chronic bronchitis

acute bacterial sinusitis

The increased warnings were based on findings by the FDA's reviews of the drug's postmarketing adverse events reports. The reports found that:

Within the review, there were 12 cases of acute liver failure among Ketek patients.

Of those 12, four were fatal and a fifth required a liver transplant.

Additionally, 23 cases of acute liver disease also were reported.

In some patients, liver disease began developing after only a few doses of Ketek.

The increased risk of liver disease as related to consumption of Ketek caused the FDA to increase the warning label on the prescription drug, although patients of Ketek should cease taking the medication if they feel the signs or symptoms of liver disease.

Liver Disease Treatments

Treating the various forms of liver disease will vary based on a specific type and case, however, the following are often administered during treatment, according to the UIC Medical Center.

bed rest

avoiding alcohol

consuming a well-balanced diet that has been pre-approved for liver disease - Health Foods for the Liver

avoiding dehydration by consuming plenty of fluids, especially water

avoiding unnecessary medications

taking an anti-nausea medication as well as other specifically prescribed medications depending on the type of liver condition

If individuals have an advanced case of liver disease it may be necessary to for that patient to undergo a surgical procedure or liver transplant.

Unfortunately, there are treatments that exist in which a patient must have a pint of blood removed once or twice a week for the duration of several months.

Children who are affected by liver disease may even require a surgery known as the Kasai surgery in which a patient will have part of their bile ducts replaced by parts of the intestine.

Any form of liver disease will likely be a time-consuming life-altering condition and often will be very costly in receiving medical assistance. Discussing your case with a knowledgeable pharmaceutical lawyer can help determine if there is any potential for developing Ketek litigation.

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