Urine Color Chart: Pee Colors, Smell, Consistency

Topic: Medical Calculators and Charts
Ian C. Langtree - Content Writer/Editor for Disabled World
Published: 2015/10/09 - Updated: 2024/07/15
Publication Type: Informative
Contents: Summary - Introduction - Main Item - Related Topics

Synopsis: Visual urine color chart showing normal and possible causes for abnormal pee color, density, and smell. The consistency, odor, and color of your urine are often indicators of your lifestyle and health condition. Each of these signs can vary depending on what you have been eating and drinking, to medical diseases. Vitamins will often make your pee appear a brighter yellow color, and a disease called porphyria can cause your pee to be the color of port wine. Beets, blackberries, rhubarb, fava beans, and berries are among some of the foods notorious for affecting the color of your urine. Severe dehydration can also produce urine the color of amber.

Introduction

Urine is medically defined as a liquid by-product of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination (or micturition) and excreted through the urethra. Urinating is how the body gets rid of unwanted or unneeded substances in the blood. Human urine together with human feces are collectively defined as human waste or human excreta.

Main Item

The consistency, odor, and color of your urine are often indicators of your lifestyle and health condition. Each of these signs can vary depending on what you have been eating and drinking to medical diseases.

Your urine gets its yellow color from a pigment called urochrome. That color normally varies from pale yellow to deep amber, depending on the concentration of the urine. Taking certain oral medications can turn your urine anything from fluorescent green to blue, and eating carrots can give it an orange hue. Vitamins will often make your pee appear a brighter yellow color, and a disease called porphyria can cause your pee to be the color of port wine. Beets, blackberries, rhubarb, fava beans, and berries are among some of the foods notorious for affecting the color of your urine. Severe dehydration can also produce urine the color of amber.

Urine Smells

Most of the time, urine does not have a strong smell if you are healthy and drink plenty of fluids. The smell of your urine usually is not a direct indicator of a disease, it is more of an indicator of foods you have recently eaten or medications you may be taking. The consumption of products such as saffron, alcohol, coffee, tuna fish, and onion can result in various urine "scents". Spicy foods can often have a similar effect, as their compounds pass through the kidneys without being fully broken down before exiting your body.

Foul-smelling urine - May be due to bacteria.
Musty - Liver disease and certain metabolic disorders may cause musty-smelling urine.
Sweet-smelling urine - May be a sign of uncontrolled diabetes or a rare disease of metabolism.
Sweet - Diabetics often report that their urine smells sweet, this is because of excess sugar in the body.
Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can cause your urine to have a very strong smell.
Other - Some food types can change the odor of your urine - asparagus is one of the most common reported.

Urine Consistency

Sometimes your urine may look foamier than usual. This may be a result of urinating with more force than usual, or it can occasionally be an indicator of a health-related symptom, a sign of protein in the urine, which can be a sign of a kidney problem.

If your urine looks bubbly or foamy, it could just be because your bladder is full and the urine stream is hitting the toilet water hard. Urine can also foam up when it is more concentrated - if you haven't had much water to drink and you are dehydrated. Foamy urine can be an indication that you have too much of a protein, such as albumin, in your urine, or it could be a sign of kidney disease. If it happens often - or gets worse over time - see your doctor as soon as possible.

Urine Color Chart
Jump To Urine Color: Pale Yellow Dark Yellow Black Blue Brown Clear Cloudy Green Orange Pink Purple Red
	Pale Straw, Amber or Honey Pee Color: Generally means that you are either drinking a lot of fluid, or you are taking a diuretic drug that forces the body to get rid of excess water.
	Dark Yellow Urine Color: Usually a sign that you're not drinking enough fluid. Your body requires a certain amount of fluid to function, so the body will hold on to fluid and the urine will become very strong and concentrated. When that happens, it will turn a darker color.
	Black Pee Color: Causes can include nitrofurantoin, metronidazole, cascara or Senna laxatives, methocarbamol, sorbitol, and the phenol derivative cresol. Intramuscular iron injections are also associated with black urine as a benign effect of the medication.
	Blue Pee: The medical condition hypercalcemia (blue diaper syndrome) can cause blue urine, as can Hartnup disease.
	Dark Brown or Cola Urine Color: Can be caused by drugs such as chloroquine and primaquine, antibiotics metronidazole (Flagyl) and nitrofurantoin, laxatives containing cascara or Senna, and methocarbamol. Muscle injury from extreme exercise can result in pink or cola-colored urine and kidney damage. Eating a lot of fava beans, rhubarb or aloe can also be a cause of dark brown urine. In addition some liver and kidney disorders can turn urine dark brown, as can some urinary tract infections.
	Clear Pee with No Yellow (or other) Color: If your pee is completely clear, it may be a sign that you are drinking too much water. In general, if you're drinking so much that your urine looks like water, you probably are drinking more than you need.
	White, Cloudy or Murky Urine (Albinuria): Urinary tract infections (UTI) and/or kidney stones can cause your urine to appear cloudy or murky. Chyluria is another possible diagnosis. Chyluria, also called chylous urine, is a medical condition involving the presence of chyle in the urine stream, which results in urine appearing milky white. It is a condition that is more prevalent among people of Africa and the Indian subcontinent.
	Green Colored Urine: Some bright colored food dyes can cause your urine to appear green. In addition, some medications produce blue or green urine, including amitriptyline, indomethacin (Indocin) and propofol (Diprivan). Green urine sometimes occurs during urinary tract infections caused by pseudomonas bacteria.
	Orange Colored Pee: In some cases, orange urine can indicate a problem with your liver or bile duct, especially if you also have light-colored stools. Medications that can turn urine orange include rifampin; the anti-inflammatory drug sulfasalazine (Azulfidine); phenazopyridine (Pyridium), a drug that numbs urinary tract discomfort; some laxatives; and certain chemotherapy drugs. Orange urine may also be caused by dehydration.
	Purple Urine: The only known cause of purple urine is purple urine bag syndrome. Purple urine is associated with Gram-negative bacteriuria and typically resolves after treatment with antibiotics and changing the catheter.
	Reddish Orange Colored Pee: Medications Rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane) and Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) can turn urine a reddish orange color.
	Red or Pink Urine Color: Some foods such as beets (beetroot), blackberries and rhubarb are known to turn your urine a red or pink color. Medications such as Rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane), phenazopyridine (Pyridium), and laxatives containing Senna can also turn urine reddish orange color. However, you could have blood in your urine. Factors that can cause urinary blood (hematuria) include urinary tract infections, enlarged prostate (Urine Test for Prostate Cancer), cancerous and non-cancerous tumors, kidney cysts, long-distance running, and kidney or bladder stones. Note: It only takes a single drop of blood to turn the toilet bowl water red.

Human urine color chart.

Urine and Urination Facts

Kidneys: In your lifetime, your kidneys filter more than one million gallons of water, enough to fill a small lake. Amazingly, one kidney can handle the task perfectly well. In fact, if you lose a kidney, your remaining kidney can increase in size by 50 percent within two months, to take over the job of both.
Consistency: About 91-96% of urine consists of water. Urine also contains an assortment of inorganic salts and organic compounds, including proteins, hormones, and a wide range of metabolites, varying by what is introduced into the body.
Urine Production: The average urine production in adult humans is around 1.4 L of urine per person per day with a normal range of 0.6 to 2.6 L per person per day, produced in around 6 to 8 urinations per day depending on state of hydration, activity level, environmental factors, weight, and the person's health. Producing too much or too little urine needs medical attention.
Density: Human urine has a specific gravity of 1.003 - 1.035. Deviations may be associated with urinary disorders.
Urine pH Levels: The pH level of human urine is normally within the range of 5.5 to 7 with an average of 6.2.
Urinalysis: A urinalysis (UA), also known as routine and microscopy (R&M), is an array of tests performed on urine, and one of the most common methods of medical diagnosis. A part of a urinalysis can be performed by using home urine test strips, in which the test results can be read as their color changes. A urinalysis checks appearance, concentration and content of urine and is used to detect and/or manage a wide range of medical disorders, such as urinary tract infections (UTI's), kidney disease and diabetes and if certain substances are present, or if certain levels are above, or below, normal which can indicate the presence of compounds like proteins, ketones, hemoglobin, and nitrites, as well as harmful pathogens.
Compounds: In a study researchers found that at least 3,079 compounds can be detected in urine. 72 of these compounds are made by bacteria, while 1,453 come from the body itself. Another 2,282 come from diet, drugs, cosmetics or environmental exposure (some compounds belong to more than one group).

NOTE: If you are ever the least bit concerned regarding the color, odor, or consistency of your urine, ask your doctor to perform a urine analysis. It is especially important to see your doctor if you think there is blood in your urine, or you are passing dark brown urine and pale colored stools and have a yellowish tinge to your skin and eyes. You should also see your doctor if you cannot explain the unusual color of your urine as resulting from a food, as a side effect of a medication, or from being dehydrated.

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Cite This Page (APA): Langtree, I. C. (2015, October 9 - Last revised: 2024, July 15). Urine Color Chart: Pee Colors, Smell, Consistency. Disabled World. Retrieved September 19, 2024 from www.disabled-world.com/calculators-charts/urine-facts.php

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