Understanding Disability: Global Definitions, Rights, and Societal Impacts

Ian C. Langtree - Writer/Editor for Disabled World (DW)
Published: 2009/12/23 - Updated: 2025/04/23
Publication Type: Glossaries, Definitions
Topic: Glossary and Definitions - Publications List

Page Content: Synopsis - Introduction - Main - Insights, Updates

Synopsis: This information offers a comprehensive overview of the complex and varied definitions of disability as outlined by major organizations such as the World Health Organization, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Disability Discrimination Act. It explains how "disability" encompasses impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions, emphasizing that understanding and defining these terms precisely benefits communication, fairness in support programs, and access to services. This resource is authoritative and helpful, drawing on internationally recognized legal, medical, and social perspectives, making it especially valuable for individuals with disabilities, seniors, advocates, policymakers, and service providers who need a clear and inclusive framework to better meet diverse needs - Disabled World (DW).

Introduction

"Disability" is a word often used in daily conversations and holds different meanings for different people. Do these different meanings matter? What is there to be gained by trying to define disability more precisely and to attempt to use the word in consistent ways?

Main Item

The use of common terms and definitions provides individuals with a basis for a common understanding. In this way, communication is assisted, transparency in social programs is improved, and needs are better met through accurate identification and understanding of what people require.

Disability groups and other organizations may have their own definitions of disability. The concept of disability is complex, and there are historical, social, legal and philosophical influences on its interpretation. The experience of disability is unique to each person but there are common impacting factors. There are common aspects also in the rights of people to access specific disability services provided directly or indirectly by governments. The need for some agreed definitions, largely to ensure that disability support programs are fair about who is to receive benefits and why, has prompted much discussion and debate.

Lets take a look at some definitions of the word "Disability" as defined by various organizations around the world.

Definition of Disability Under the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA)

The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) defines a disabled person as someone who has a physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on his or her ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.

The DDA sets out the circumstances under which a person is 'disabled'. A person is considered to be disabled if:

In addition there are also some special provisions under the Act that cover, for example, progressive conditions and past disabilities. In defining 'normal day-to-day activities' the DDA states that at least one of the following areas must be badly affected:

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Definition of Disability

The ADA has a three-part definition of "disability." This definition, based on the definition under the Rehabilitation Act, reflects the specific types of discrimination experienced by people with disabilities. Accordingly, it is not the same as the definition of disability in other laws, such as state workers' compensation laws or other federal or state laws that provide benefits for people with disabilities and disabled veterans.

Under the ADA, an individual with a disability is a person who:

The World Health Organization (WHO) Defines Disability As:

"Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations. Thus disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting an interaction between features of a person's body and features of the society in which he or she lives.

International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH)

Three Dimensions of Disability are recognized in the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps.

A new version of the ICIDH is now being drafted, to embrace developments in the field since 1980, and criticism of the first ICIDH. A range of countries, including Australia, is involved in the work with the World Health Organization, as well as organizations representing people with a disability. One of the major developments is the more specific recognition of the social construction of the third dimension of disability. It is being proposed that this third dimension be renamed 'participation', and that its definition recognize the critical role played by environmental or contextual factors in restricting full participation.

Definitions of the ICIDH 1980:

The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH), provides a conceptual framework for disability which is described in three dimensions-impairment, disability and handicap:

Definitions of the New Draft ICIDH:

In the context of health condition:

Definition of Disability Discrimination

Disability discrimination is the act of treating someone with a disability less favorably than someone without a disability.

Insights, Analysis, and Developments

Editorial Note: By thoughtfully exploring the layers and definitions of disability, this information challenges readers to recognize the profound influence that legal, social, and environmental factors have on individual experiences. Definitions are not just academic distinctions; they shape real-world accessibility, eligibility for support, and societal inclusion. In a world striving for fairness and understanding, clarity in how we define disability is not just beneficial - it is essential - Disabled World (DW).

Author Credentials: Ian was born and grew up in Australia. Since then, he has traveled and lived in numerous locations and currently resides in Montreal, Canada. Ian is the founder, a writer, and editor in chief for Disabled World. Ian believes in the Social Model of Disability, a belief developed by disabled people in the 1970s. The social model changes the focus away from people's impairments and towards removing barriers that disabled people face daily. To learn more about Ian's background, expertise, and achievements, .

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Citing and References

Founded in 2004, Disabled World (DW) is a leading resource on disabilities, assistive technologies, and accessibility, supporting the disability community. Learn more on our About Us page.

Cite This Page: Disabled World. (2009, December 23 - Last revised: 2025, April 23). Understanding Disability: Global Definitions, Rights, and Societal Impacts. Disabled World (DW). Retrieved April 30, 2025 from www.disabled-world.com/definitions/disability-definitions.php

Permalink: <a href="https://www.disabled-world.com/definitions/disability-definitions.php">Understanding Disability: Global Definitions, Rights, and Societal Impacts</a>: Global definitions of disability from WHO, ADA, and DDA, covering impairments, rights, and societal impacts for individuals and policymakers.

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