Behavior Problems and Excessive Electronic Device Use

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Problematic Electronic Device Use

The Internet, computers, smartphones, and other electronic devices have dramatically increased over recent decades. This increase is associated with clear and tremendous user benefits and documented cases of excessive use, which often has negative health consequences. In an increasing number of countries, the problem has reached the magnitude of a significant public health concern - (WHO). Some researchers propose problematic smartphone use as a form of psychological or behavioral dependence on cell phones, closely related to other forms of digital media overuse such as social media addiction or internet addiction disorder. Other researchers have stated that terminology relating to behavioral addictions regarding smartphone use can cause additional problems both in research and stigmatization of users, suggesting the term evolve to problematic smartphone use.

Main Digest

It's not the mobile that makes children hyperactive, but the other way round: a fidgety child will use a mobile phone more - according to the latest research from the Alpha Generation Lab at the Department of Ethology at Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE).

Several studies suggest that early and excessive TV viewing can lead to later attention problems and hyperactivity. The reverse is also true: fidgety, restless children are more likely to use digital devices, and parents are more likely to engage their children with gadgets. To maintain their alertness level, hyperactive children need constant stimulation in video games and movies with fast-paced, colorful stimuli.

The relationship between digital devices and hyperactivity/attention deficit is, therefore, a two-way street, with bidirectional effects influencing one another.

Its Similar with Social Problems

Shy children or those with poor social skills tend to overuse gadgets, such as playing video games or watching TV. The virtual world can be an escape from the social world that they find difficult to understand or experience. But digital media use in solitude increases their isolation even more. In the early years, peer relationships are important to develop healthy social skills, which can be replaced by solitary digital media use.

Thus, social problems and digital media use also seem to have a back-and-forth impact.

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Until now, almost only the link between the use of older media - mainly TV viewing - and the development of behavioral problems has been studied. However, children today are using more modern devices (such as tablets and mobile phones) at an increasingly younger age.

In particular, few studies have followed up on children's use of mobile devices and the development of behavioral problems over time. But such studies are very important because they can tell us which came first: the chicken or the egg - the behavioral problem or the mobile phone use.

The Alpha Generation Lab at the Department of Ethology at ELTE has tried to fill this gap. Parents of preschool children aged 4-6 were asked to complete a questionnaire on their child's mobile/tablet use and behavioral problems. After three years - when the children were 7-9 years old - they were asked to fill in the questionnaires again.

"We found that the level of hyperactivity and attention deficit in preschool predicted the amount of mobile use in school, meaning that the more fidgety and distracted a child is in preschool, the more gadgetry they use in early school. This can be explained by the fact that parents are more likely to use digital devices to distract or engage these children, and the children themselves are more likely to seek stimulating, intense content," said Veronika Konok, head of the research team at the Alpha Generation Lab, Department of Ethology, ELTE.

However, the amount of mobile phone use during preschool did not predict the extent of hyperactivity and attention deficit during early school years.

"We can conclude that mobile use in early childhood does not lead to hyperactivity/attention deficit, unlike, for example, watching TV. But we need to interpret this result carefully, as the lack of correlation could be due to, for example, the low number of participants, with only 100 parents completing the questionnaire for the second time, or other factors. We do not recommend anyone to allow unlimited mobile phone use for their pre-school children based on the results of this research," added Rebeka Szőke, a Ph.D. student at the Alpha Generation Lab, Department of Ethology, ELTE.

Another reason for the lack of correlation could be that mobile apps for preschoolers are often developmental and less over-stimulating than, for example, cartoons or violent games for older children.

The researchers also found that children with social problems use mobile phones more, but this is only true at schoolyear age. They did not find a causal relationship, i.e., whether early mobile use leads to later social problems or vice versa. The question of cause and effect is therefore unclear, and there is likely a two-way relationship: neither the chicken nor the egg came first...

Publication:

Konok, V. & Szőke, R. (2022). Longitudinal Associations of Children's Hyperactivity/ Inattention, Peer Relationship Problems, and Mobile Device Use. Sustainability, 14(14) https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/14/8845/htm

Research:

The research was supported by the New National Excellence Programme of the Ministry of Human Capacities (ÚNKP-21-5), the Bolyai János Research Grant of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (OTKA K 124458, PD 134984).

Resources That Provide Relevant Information

• Link Between Excessive Screen Time and Teen Suicide Risk
• Use of Electronic Devices to Calm Kids
• When Children Are Allowed TV and Games in Bedroom
• Gaming Disorder Disability: Video Game Addiction (VGA)
• Screen Time Linked to Psychological Problems in Children
• Too much TV, Video and Computer Can Make Teens Fatter

Attribution/Source(s):

This peer reviewed article relating to our Youth and Disability section was selected for publishing by the editors of Disabled World due to its likely interest to our disability community readers. Though the content may have been edited for style, clarity, or length, the article "Behavior Problems and Excessive Electronic Device Use" was originally written by Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Faculty of Science, and published by Disabled-World.com on 2022/08/10 (Updated: 2023/01/04). Should you require further information or clarification, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Faculty of Science can be contacted at ttk.elte.hu. Disabled World makes no warranties or representations in connection therewith.

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