Accessible Alerts for All in Emergencies
Author: Carlos III University of Madrid
Published: 2010/05/10 - Updated: 2025/12/21
Publication Type: Research, Study, Analysis
Category Topic: Emergency Planning - Related Publications
Page Content: Synopsis - Introduction - Main - Insights, Updates
Synopsis: This research describes an ontology-based framework called SEMA4A developed by Carlos III University of Madrid that enables emergency notification systems to deliver alerts accessibly across diverse populations. The system addresses a critical gap in emergency response by recognizing that effective disaster communication must account for people with disabilities, older adults, language barriers, unfamiliarity with local geography, and the temporary disabilities that affect everyone during crises - such as hearing loss from noise or vision impairment from smoke. The work, published in the peer-reviewed journal Expert Systems with Applications, is grounded in established accessibility standards and emergency response protocols, making it both technically rigorous and immediately applicable to real-world emergency management systems that currently leave vulnerable populations underserved - Disabled World (DW).
Introduction
Providing alerts in emergency situations is vital to reducing potential fatalities and damage by supplying information about unfolding events and the way to respond to such events.
One of the main challenges in these cases is the manner to transmit the notifications to different types of users so that no group- chiefly individuals with a disability, tourists, or individuals that do not understand the language, culture or geography of the affected zone- is excluded if they do not receive this information in a comprehensible manner.
Main Content
Along these lines, the research group at the Department of Informatics Engineering at UC3M has developed an ontology that allows specification of the requisites that must be kept in mind during these situations regarding user characteristics and preferences, the type of emergency, and the environs where they were produced.
"It is essential for the notification systems be able to adapt the contents and choose the best means of communication, taking into account these elements in such a way that the number of people affected by lack of information is reduced to a minimum", explained one of the researchers, professor Alessio Malizia, at the Interactive Systems Laboratory in this Madrid university.
In this work, the scientists have analyzed the norms for accessibility, the emergency response systems, and the communication mechanisms, taking into account the different abilities of persons to react to distinct types of alarms, in order to generate the fastest and most efficient alert possible. For that purpose, an ontology called SEMA4A (Simple Emergency Alerts for(u)r All), has been designed which allows the existing knowledge to be modeled with respect to a relations graph and which constitutes a knowledge base that could be used in any open form. It can be found in the article "SEMA4A: An ontology for emergency notification systems accessibility", recently published in the scientific journal "Expert system with applications".
The main application of this ontology is the development of emergency notification systems which fulfill the principles of universal accessibility and design so that the alerts and all the information pertaining to them, such as evacuation plans, are made accessible to a broader collective.
"The intended target for this type of information is not just individuals with disabilities, but also older persons, persons with limited income, individuals with health problems, and refugees, along with other "vulnerable" groups", remarked the Doctor in Computer Science, Alessio Malizia. "Furthermore", he added, "we have to consider the fact that when faced with an emergency we all become contextually disabled. It may be because we can't hear because of noise, or because smoke makes it impossible for us to see, or simply because we are tourists and are not familiar with the area, customs, language, or the safety regulations".
This work forms part of the UIA4SIGE (TSI2007-60388) project, financed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, whose aim is the search for new usability, interoperability and accessibility solutions in information systems for emergency management.
Future work proposed by the researchers includes the definition of concepts allowing the prototype elaboration process to be automated, as well as carrying out validations of the accessibility guides included in the ontology. In fact, a new prototype called CAP-ONES has already been developed to automatically adapt alert notifications. A further step would be the application of these same ideas to other similar processes, such as emergency evacuation plans, which could be adapted to user needs.
Insights, Analysis, and Developments
Editorial Note: The emergence of SEMA4A represents a watershed moment in how we think about emergency communications infrastructure. Rather than treating accessibility as an afterthought or a separate problem to be solved in parallel, this work treats it as integral to emergency notification design itself - the ontology ensures that alerts, evacuation plans, and critical safety information automatically adapt to individual needs in real time. This approach has profound implications for cities and regions facing increasingly unpredictable disasters, particularly in an aging global population where a significant portion of residents may rely on specialized communication methods. The fact that the research team explicitly framed emergency accessibility as a universal design challenge rather than a disability issue suggests a maturation in how institutions approach emergency preparedness, recognizing that when crisis strikes, we all need information delivered in ways we can actually receive and understand - Disabled World (DW).Attribution/Source(s): This quality-reviewed publication was selected for publishing by the editors of Disabled World (DW) due to its relevance to the disability community. Originally authored by Carlos III University of Madrid and published on 2010/05/10, this content may have been edited for style, clarity, or brevity.