Guide to Home Buying for People with Disabilities

Topic: Disability Housing
Author: Total Mortgage Services, LLC
Published: 2012/08/15 - Updated: 2024/05/21
Publication Type: Informative
Contents: Summary - Introduction - Main Item - Related Topics

Synopsis: Information on buying a house for people with disabilities including qualifying for home loans and applying for a mortgage with a disability. As a person with a disability, there are even more aspects of owning a home that you need to look into before you make your decision to buy. Owning your own home will provide you with additional opportunities and freedoms that you would otherwise miss out on. As is the case for any new homeowner, you too will feel both anxious and excited about purchasing your home.

Introduction

When you own a home, your pressing responsibilities include maintenance, paying the mortgage, and keeping up with your bill payments. Amidst your hectic daily routine it becomes easier to forget that you are independent. You have the opportunity to do as you please; an opportunity that not everyone is lucky enough to have.

Main Item

As Americans, we pride ourselves on our independence, and disabilities should not get in our way of living life to the fullest. Whether your disability is a mental or physical one, the option of buying your own home is not far-fetched. The ever-changing times have helped to pave the way for new rights and programs that assist those with disabilities through the home buying process. Your options are plentiful, convenient, and affordable.

Before I get into specifics, it's important for you to understand the definition of the term "disabled", if you do not already. Identifying a precise definition of the term was a key stepping stone in developing the current assisting programs. By definition, the term disabled refers to an individual with a mental or physical limitation that causes definite and lasting impairment of at least one major life activity. This includes loss of hearing, mobility, sight, or developing chronic conditions like alcoholism, drug addiction, mental illness, AIDS, or other related illnesses and conditions. This nationally accepted definition of the term is legally beneficial when those with disabilities go to apply for certain healthcare services, disability insurance compensation, or other types of funding.

A mortgage is a debt instrument that is secured by the collateral of specified real estate property and that the borrower is obliged to pay back with a predetermined set of payments. Mortgages are used by individuals and businesses to make large purchases of real estate without paying the entire value of the purchase up front. Mortgages are also known as "liens against property" or "claims on property".

Pros and Cons

Unless you're made of money, the home buying process can be both tedious and stressful. There are multiple factors to consider, such as finances, family, and your future. That's all in addition to finding a home that actually suits your taste. As a person with a disability, there are even more aspects of owning a home that you need to look into before you make your decision to buy.

Pros

Most importantly, owning your own home will give you a sense of independence. As a person with a disability, the ability and freedom to take care of oneself is paramount to achieving that crucial sense of belonging and self worth in a community. While owning and maintaining a home is no easy feat, to defy the norm of living in a group home, institution, nursing home, or with your parents, should be enough motivation to drive you forward.

If your condition requires specialized care, but you want to remain at, or purchase a new home, then you're in luck. It's becoming more common for nurses and aids to cater to those in need from the comfort of their own home. While this option may be a bit expensive, the most important thing to consider is what price you would put on your own comfort and convenience. Sometimes these services will be covered by medical disability insurance, but you will have to check with your provider to be sure.

Cons

Long term assisted living costs can be high, but the cost of owning your own home will undoubtedly be higher. Not only will you need to meet all of your payments on time, but you may also have to install additional modifications in your home, depending on your condition. Refer to the list at the end of this guide for examples of specific home modifications.

If you intend on purchasing your own home then you will have to consider the location of the home, and the distance that you need to travel to get to places such as the grocery store, hairdresser, bank, etc. Before buying, you will also have to familiarize yourself with the area. Make sure that the sidewalks are smooth, and that you will be able to access surrounding shops and businesses. This is a long list of criterion that needs to be met, which could make the search for a suitable home that much more difficult.

Homebuyers Rights

If you have decided that the benefits of owning your own home are too enticing to pass up, then you've completed the first step in the home buying process. Making the decision to fully pursue this path is just as big as signing the closing papers. Before we move on, I need to fill you in on your homebuyer's rights, if you are not familiar with them already.

Predatory lenders will take advantage of you if you do not know and understand all of your rights. Some lenders may give you are hard time or even shoot you a nasty look when you ask them some of the questions that are mentioned above. It's their responsibility to truthfully assist you through the home buying process, but it's also your duty to ensure that they are following the rules. If your particular lender is giving you a hard time, then you can easily walk out and find a lender that will better suit you.

Programs and Resources

There are numerous programs that have been set in place across the country to help people with disabilities to find a home, take out a loan, and to help defend their basic rights. You need to apply for certain programs, but others are available to anyone seeking aid. Here is a description of the top resources that are available to people with disabilities.

This is a financial assistance program that provides funding to stabilize income so that qualified applicants may have an improved chance of qualifying for government backed loans. The requirements for qualifying for this program are as follows:

There is an additional benefit included with this program. If you file an application within 60 days of the first contact date (when you first meet with the agency), and you're approved, then your initial funding start date will coincide with the date of your initial contact.

Although this option is not directly related to the home buying process, it may be a viable option for you or your family member. To be eligible for this insurance the applicant must be a disabled or blind individual, and must have paid social security taxes to become insured for benefits. The monthly amount received is based on the Social Security earnings record of the insured worker. In addition to payment, the applicant will automatically receive Medicare coverage after receiving disability benefits for two years.

This is a federal housing program that helps financially moderate or low-level income families with disabilities to buy a home. The Home Ownership Voucher Program is associated with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Section 8, with a focus on first time home buyers that need help with meeting their monthly mortgage payments. This program does not come free of charge. All applicants must qualify to receive support. Requirement include:

The FHA offers protection to those with disabilities when it comes to the home buying process, and home ownership. The rights that they help to protect include the following:

In addition to protecting basic rights, the FHA has also set standards in place for multifamily living units. A multifamily unit must have at least four separate living units with an elevator. The standards that must be met include the following:

The ADA safeguards the rights of people with disabilities. This includes accommodating the disabled in restaurants, stores, libraries, hospitals, offices, warehouses, and just about any other major public establishment.

RESPA ensures that consumers throughout the nation are provided with more helpful information about the costs of mortgage settlements, and are protected from unnecessarily high settlement charges that are caused by certain abusive practices. Recently, RESPA has implemented a new rule that requires a Standardized Good Faith Estimate (estimate of settlement charges and loan terms), to facilitate shopping among settlement service providers, and to improve disclosure of settlement costs and interest rate related terms.

This program provides financial products and services for low, moderate, and middle-income families. It allows for people who are looking to buy a home to pay a smaller down payment (usually around $500), and the program also covers the majority of the closing costs on the home.

A program that allows people with disabilities to apply monthly rent vouchers to their monthly mortgage payments. However, local public housing authorities need to agree to participate in this program, and most do not.

N.O.A.H is a nonprofit agency committed to the provision of affordable housing through a diligent pursuit of home ownership opportunities for homebuyers, and exit strategy counseling and education for home sellers. They also help to locate mortgage assistance programs at the state and local levels.

This is a nonprofit organization that provides individually adapted homes for severely injured, and disabled veterans at no cost. The program is supported by donations from cooperate building industries, and commercially organized donors.

Habitat for Humanity is a global organization that constructs homes for needy families and individuals (i.e. some people with disabilities). The organization is a Christian nonprofit group that builds and grants accessible homes, with mortgages being sponsored by donations, and private and federal sources. If you are chosen as a candidate, Habitat will build your home for you, and in return you will help them to build a home for another eligible recipient. This allows all participants to generate a sense of self worth, independence, and communal strength.

The goal of NOD is to create awareness and understanding for those living with disabilities.

The AAPDC is the largest national cross disability organization in existence. It partners with other organizations to ensure economic, social, and political security for disabled Americans. The overall goal of the organization is to create economic freedom for all.

Their goal is to help to increase social and economic dependence. They coordinate for cooperative work that primarily addresses the problems associated with poverty in the U.S.

The goal of the NDI is to build healthier financial futures for individuals and families dealing with disabilities, through employment initiatives, technical housing assistance, and financial resources.

Housing Counselors

The process involved in purchasing your own home is a tedious one. You need to determine how you will pay for your home, what size mortgage to take out, and how to make a competitive offer. Most people will become stressed at the very thought of undertaking this process on their own, and that's why I recommend asking a friend or family member for assistance. If you don't have anyone that has experience with this process, then you should strongly consider hiring a housing counselor. While the primary responsibilities of a housing counselor include dealing with foreclosures, they also assist first time homebuyers with the home buying process.

If you decide that you need to hire someone to help you through the process, look for an HUD approved counselor. HUD housing counselors will assist their clients at little to no cost if they determine that the client cannot afford the counseling. If you are inquiring about foreclosure prevention or homeless counseling, then your consultation will always be free of charge. Regardless, agencies require their counselors to inform all clients of the payment structure before they provide any services. A counselor will help you with the following:

Depending on your disability, you may also want to meet with your physician, who fully understands your condition, to outline a list of necessary requirements for the type of home you should by, and the modifications that it will need. People are often skeptical about hiring someone else to help them through an already expensive process. The potential mistakes that you could make will be far more costly than consulting with an HUD housing counselor for even a few sessions.

Applying For A Loan

The loan application process is not something that people look forward to, but is a crucial aspect of the overall home buying process. Depending on the type of people that you end up working with, your experience could be better or worse than what you have heard. The basic steps to applying for a loan are as follows:

Depending on your disability, your financial situation may be altered in comparison to other people in your age group. This will ultimately affect what types of loans you can apply for. It's not discriminatory of the lender to hold back, because their primary concern is that they will receive your monthly payments in full, and on time. If the loan that you originally bought turns out to be too much of a burden, you may want to consider a refinance.

Common Mortgages & Loans

Although counselors, lenders, agents, and loan officers will likely fill you in on all of your mortgage options, it wouldn't hurt to have a general understanding before you meet. The more you know about something, the better chance you have of forming opinions, and of making an educated decision on your own. There is also a chance that you could be dealing with a predatory lender, in which case you might not be offered the full range of mortgage options, simply because you are disabled.

A fully amortizing mortgage loan where the interest rate on the note remains the same throughout the term of the loan, as opposed to loans where the interest rate is subject to change.

A type of mortgage loan where the interest rate on the note is periodically adjusted based on an index that reflects the cost to the lender of borrowing on the credit markets. This means that your interest rate can get better or worse over time depending on the index.

This is a type of mortgage loan that is guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. The purpose behind this loan is to help ensure longterm financial stability for American veterans and their families. However, you will likely be limited to rural locations, seeing that this loan is almost never granted to veterans who wish to buy a home in a major city.

A type of loan that is taken out for a set term (usually 5 of 10 year terms), and the borrower only pays the interest on the principal balance. The principal balance can never change, and at the end of the interest only term, the borrower may enter into an interest only mortgage and pay just the principal, or convert the loan to a principal and interest payment.

If you believe that you can make early payments during the interest only period, then this may be a viable option for you, because not only are you paying less, but you don't have to make payments towards the principal right away.

A monthly adjustable rate mortgage that is tied to one of the major mortgage indexes (LIBOR, MTA, or COFI). This option has grown in popularity over the past few years because it offers low payment options, and payment flexibility.

This is a type of mortgage loan that gives you the opportunity to combine two or more mortgages into one so that the borrower can avoid paying for mortgage insurance and additional down payments.

This is an option that allows the borrower to get a mortgage a lower rate than the prevailing mortgage rate. Your should base your decision to go with this option on the future plans for your home and the lending service that you are dealing with.

This loan comes in handy when you are moving from one home to another. A bridge loan enables you to take out equity on your first home so that you can post the full down payment on your new home. When you close the final transaction on your first home, you will need to take out another loan on your new home.

A type of mortgage in which a lender offers the borrower a favorable interest rate, and in return the lender will receive a portion of the profits when the house is sold. This is obviously only an option if you intend on selling your home within a certain (generally short) time period.

This is an equity loan that is secured by your home, and its sole purpose is to defer the mortgage interest. You might be interested in this loan if you are having trouble meeting your payments with your current income.

A second mortgage is another option for the borrower to look into if they do not want to refinance their home. A second mortgage will be smaller than your original mortgage, and will legally be considered a lien against your home. Other reasons to apply for a second mortgage include paying off a large amount of debt, opening a business, buying a new car, or investing in extensive home repairs.

This program is for people with disabilities that have low to moderate-income levels. The program offers flexibility for loan-to-value ratios, down payment sources, qualifying ratios, and establishing credit.

This is a lending product that offers financing for small group homes for disabled children and adults that cannot live independently. Borrowers may not necessarily be individuals, but could be nonprofit or profit organizations, limited partnerships, or government agencies aiding the disabled.

This includes various mortgage programs that require little or no down payment. They are designed to help people with down payment funds and qualifying income. These types of mortgages usually have lower closing costs and higher debt allowances than traditional mortgages.

Refinancing

Sometimes it is in the best interest of the homeowner to refinance their mortgage. Refinancing means that you are replacing your existing mortgage loan with a new loan. The new loan will have a more reasonable interest rate, as well as more manageable terms and conditions. There are many reasons to refinance your mortgage, but if you refinance for the wrong reason, it could mean the difference between thousands of dollars.

If you decide to refinance you will want to make sure to keep up with all of your payments. Most lenders require that the borrowers have no late payments during the first two months before a refinance. Lenders will check your credit beforehand, and late payments will negatively impact your chances of getting a refinance loan at a competitive rate, or at all.

Predatory Lending

Sadly, there are lenders and agents who will try to take advantage of you. They will deceive you, and trick you into signing over your home equity to them. It's important to identify their malicious practices and tactics so that you can prevent falling victim to their ways.

When it comes to lenders, if it sounds too good to be true, it usually is. As the paying customer, you should be able to take your time to shop around for the best deals on everything from houses to loans to home modifications. If you don't already have a spouse, family member, or friend helping you through the housing process, then you may want to consider hiring a housing counselor.

Home Modification List

Depending on your disability, not all of these modifications will be necessary, but as a precaution you should assess your situation and determine what changes will be best for you. If you are living on your own then you should have a phone in every room of the house, including the bathrooms.

While you certainly should not limit yourself, you must be realistic about what type of house will be the best fit for you. If you struggle to get around, then a one level home might be the best choice for you. Stairs can be a real hassle for anyone, and if you don't absolutely need additional levels in your home then why put yourself in a potentially dangerous position

Take A Risk

Owning your own home will provide you with additional opportunities and freedoms that you would otherwise miss out on. As is the case for any new homeowner, you too will feel both anxious and excited about purchasing your home.

Due to the financial burden and massive amount of responsibility that is associated with buying a new home, people with disabilities tend to stray from the idea of becoming homeowners. In fact, the home ownership rate in the U.S. is roughly 65%, but is just under 5% for those with disabilities. In addition, 1:3 Americans that live with a disability are at or below the poverty level.

It's easy to become discouraged by these statistics, but that's all they are; just numbers. You won't let the norm get in your way of buying your dream home if that's what you truly desire. You always have the option to take charge of your life. The personal benefits and rewards that are associated with owning your own home far outweigh the costs and tedious process of searching for one. You only live once, and you should not let your disability hinder you from experiencing the joyous freedoms of owning a home.

Other Resources You May Find Helpful

This article was written by Robert Tutolo, author of the Total Mortgage Blog - totalmortgage.com/blog/

Attribution/Source(s):

This quality-reviewed publication was selected for publishing by the editors of Disabled World due to its significant relevance to the disability community. Originally authored by Total Mortgage Services, LLC, and published on 2012/08/15 (Edit Update: 2024/05/21), the content may have been edited for style, clarity, or brevity. For further details or clarifications, Total Mortgage Services, LLC can be contacted at totalmortgage.com. NOTE: Disabled World does not provide any warranties or endorsements related to this article.

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Cite This Page (APA): Total Mortgage Services, LLC. (2012, August 15 - Last revised: 2024, May 21). Guide to Home Buying for People with Disabilities. Disabled World. Retrieved October 4, 2024 from www.disabled-world.com/disability/housing/house-purchase.php

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