Little People Big World: Dealing with Dwarfism - Achondroplasia
Achondroplasia Is a Genetic Condition Caused by a Change in Genetic Material (DNA)
Author: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Contact: aaos.org
Published: 2009/04/01 - Updated: 2023/05/02
Peer-Reviewed: Yes
On This Page: Summary - Main Article - About/Author
Synopsis: The Television show Little People Big World brings achondroplasia the most common form of dwarfism into the spotlight. Globally, achondroplasia is the most common form of skeletal dysplasia occurring at a rate of 1 in 30,000 live births annually. The condition is characterized by short stature along with several medical problems often related to the skeletal deformities. Because these manifestations may become symptomatic during childhood or adulthood, people with achondroplasia are treated by orthopaedic surgeons at various stages of their lives. Depending on the patient's individual symptoms, specialists in respiratory and neurological conditions may also provide treatment.
advertisement
- Achondroplasia
Achondroplasia is a genetic condition caused by a change in the genetic material (DNA) affecting a protein in the body called the fibroblast growth factor receptor. In achondroplasia, this protein begins to function abnormally, slowing down the growth of bone in the cartilage of the growth plate. This leads to shorter bones, abnormally-shaped bones and shorter stature; adult height in people with achondroplasia is between 42 and 56 inches. Achondroplasia can cause health complications such as interruption of breathing (apnea), obesity, recurrent ear infections, an exaggerated inward curve of the lumbar spine (lordosis). More serious problems include a narrowing of the spinal canal that can pinch (compress) the upper part of the spinal cord (spinal stenosis) and a buildup of fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus).
Main Digest
A popular cable reality television show, Little People, Big World, focuses on the daily lives of short stature individuals. This series bring achondroplasia, the most common form of dwarfism, into the spotlight.
According to a literature review published in the April 2009 issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (JAAOS), treating patients with dwarfism is an extremely complex process. Orthopaedic surgeons and others caring for people with this disorder should be aware of its many manifestations.
For example, limb lengthening treatments for those living with achondroplasia have been met with mixed results.
"Not only is limb lengthening a huge time commitment for the families involved, but children with achondroplasia are taken out of the environment where they play, interact and have fun to be placed in treatment for several years," said study co-author Michael C. Ain, MD, associate professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. "At the end of the day, these kids may be able to reach a higher shelf, but their level of physical activity in both athletic and sporting events may be very limited or not existent at all."
Some studies have found that height can be gained with growth hormone injections, but the authors question whether the average height increase of six to eight centimeters is worth undergoing five years of daily injections.
Patients undergoing hormone injections see an initial increase in height, but once treatment stops, the height plateaus. These hormone injections may cause or accelerate symptoms of spinal stenosis.
Surgical treatments can produce greater increases in height, but also carry a much higher risk of complications.
The authors also found that early diagnosis and treatment of the manifestations of achondroplasia, sometimes even before they become symptomatic, may produce better outcomes for patients later in life. For example, some patients with achondroplasia have stenosis of the foramen magnum - a condition in which the hole in the base of the skull that allows the spinal cord to be connected to the brain, is too small. This compresses the brain and cord, causing developmental delays and may even be fatal.
Symptoms of stenosis of the foramen magnum usually present itself in the first two years of life, but may not appear until later, when developmental delays become apparent. Therefore, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all infants with achondroplasia be screened via computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), so that this condition can be treated surgically before it causes further medical problems.
"With so many medical specialties involved, each needs to be aware of all of the symptoms of achondroplasia," stated study co-author Eric D. Shirley, MD, lieutenant commander, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and attending pediatric orthopaedic surgeon, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA. "Many of these conditions are interrelated."
Similarly, many children with achondroplasia may also develop thoracolumbar kyphosis. This can be seen when a child seems to slump forward instead of sitting upright. It often diminishes as the child learns to walk, but if it does not, it can result in a severe curvature of the spine and other medical and skeletal conditions. Early interventions such as bracing and increasing one's trunk strength (this is done by keeping a child supported when seated) and in some cases spinal fusion surgery, may be required to ensure that the child can sit and walk properly.
"Quality of life is an important issue for people with achondroplasia," Shirley says. "This is why early and comprehensive treatment is so important."
References
- JAAOS www.jaaos.org
- AAOS www.aaos.org
- Orthoinfo.org www.orthoinfo.org
- Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America www.posna.org
Disclosure
The authors did not receive any outside funding or grants in support of their research for or preparation of this work. Neither they nor a member of their immediate families received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, division, center, clinical practice, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors, or a member of their immediate families, are affiliated or associated.
Attribution/Source(s):
This peer reviewed article relating to our Recreation and Entertainment section was selected for publishing by the editors of Disabled World due to its likely interest to our disability community readers. Though the content may have been edited for style, clarity, or length, the article "Little People Big World: Dealing with Dwarfism - Achondroplasia" was originally written by American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, and published by Disabled-World.com on 2009/04/01 (Updated: 2023/05/02). Should you require further information or clarification, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons can be contacted at aaos.org. Disabled World makes no warranties or representations in connection therewith.
advertisement
Discover Related Topics ▶ Page Information, Citing and Disclaimer Disabled World is an independent disability community founded in 2004 to provide disability news and information to people with disabilities, seniors, their family and/or carers. See our homepage for informative reviews, exclusive stories and how-tos. You can connect with us on social media such as X.com and our Facebook page. Permalink: <a href="https://www.disabled-world.com/entertainment/dwarfism.php">Little People Big World: Dealing with Dwarfism - Achondroplasia</a> Cite This Page (APA): American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2009, April 1). Little People Big World: Dealing with Dwarfism - Achondroplasia. Disabled World. Retrieved November 30, 2023 from www.disabled-world.com/entertainment/dwarfism.php
Share This Information To:
𝕏.com Facebook Reddit
Disabled World provides general information only. Materials presented are never meant to substitute for qualified professional medical care. Any 3rd party offering or advertising does not constitute an endorsement.