Stopping Glioblastoma Brain Tumors

Definition

Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma, previously known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is one of the most aggressive types of cancer that begin within the brain or spinal cord. Glioblastoma forms from cells called astrocytes that support nerve cells. Initially, signs and symptoms of glioblastoma are nonspecific. They may include headaches, personality changes, nausea, and symptoms similar to those of a stroke. Glioblastoma can occur at any age but tends to occur more often in older adults. Symptoms often worsen rapidly and may progress to unconsciousness.

Main Digest

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly form of primary malignant brain cancer accounting for approximately 15% of all brain tumors and occurring mostly in adults between the ages of 45 and 70. The aggressive recurrent nature of this cancer is only temporarily contained by combined surgery, chemotherapy and radiation treatment. The recurrence of GBM is usually fatal, resulting in an average patient survival time of fewer than two years. A new study from the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital - The Neuro - at McGill University, published in Nature Communications, identifies two specific key players in the growth of GBM.

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A GBM tumor contains a complex combination of different cell types, including 'stem-like' cells that can initiate brain tumor growth, even when present in tiny numbers. These cells, known as brain-tumor-initiating cells (BTICs), are believed to be among the cells that can re-initiate GBM if they are not completely eradicated through surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Thus, BTICs represent an important therapeutic target for GBM treatment strategies.

"We wanted to find out how GBM-derived BTICs can initiate a tumor with the ultimate goal of preventing the re-growth of this deadly form of brain cancer," says Dr. Stefano Stifani, a neuroscientist at The Neuro and senior investigator on the paper. "We found that by impairing the activity of two transcription factors (proteins that control gene expression), termed FOXG1 and TLE; we can significantly reduce the ability of BTICs to give rise to brain tumors."

The researchers studied brain tumor growth using a Vivo mouse model using human GBM-derived BTICs. This approach provides an in vivo environment resembling the original human brain tumors.

The demonstration that the FOXG1 and TLE proteins are important for the tumor-forming ability of human GBM-derived BTICs has long-term implications because FOXG1 and TLE control the expression of numerous genes. Identifying the genes whose expression is controlled by FOXG1 and TLE is expected to provide further information on the mechanisms involved in GBM tumourigenesis.

In the long term, researchers hope to identify multiple important regulators to find new potential therapeutic targets to impair the tumourigenic ability of BTICs.

"The implication of transcription factors FOXG1 and TLE in the tumor-forming ability of BTICs opens the door to possible strategies to block tumor growth - a major advance in the fight against GBM."

The Neuro's Brain Tumor Program sees 3500 patients annually and performs, on average, 450 tumor procedures per year. These procedures include surgeries for brain cancers such as GBM and other gliomas, meningiomas, vestibular schwannomas, pituitary adenomas, and metastases.

This research, supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Cancer Research Society, highlights the benefits of The Neuro's integrated model - where clinicians collaborate closely with researchers to significantly advance neuroscience and clinical care for patients with neurological disease.

Glioblastoma Multiforme Brain Cancer Study Shows 50% of Patients Alive After 5 Years

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Cite This Page (APA): McGill University. (2014, January 9). Stopping Glioblastoma Brain Tumors. Disabled World. Retrieved September 21, 2023 from www.disabled-world.com/health/cancer/brain/gbm.php

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