- 9/11 and Kidney Disease
- Abderhalden-Kaufmann-Lignac syndrome
- Abderhalden-Kaufmann-Lignac syndrome (Nephropathic Cystinosis)
- Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
- Acetaminophen-induced Nephrotoxicity
- Acute Kidney Failure/Acute Kidney Injury
- Acute kidney injury
- Acute Lobar Nephronia
- Acute Phosphate Nephropathy
- Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis
- Acute Tubular Necrosis
- Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
- Adenovirus Nephritis
- Alabama rot
- Alagille Syndrome
- Alport Syndrome
- Amyloidosis
- Analgesic Nephropathy
- ANCA Vasculitis Related to Endocarditis and Other Infections
- Angiomyolipoma
- Angiotensin Antibodies and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
- Anorexia Nervosa and Kidney Disease
- Anti-TNF-α Therapy-related Glomerulonephritis
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- APOL1 Mutations
- Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome
- Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome
- Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy, Chinese Herbal Nephropathy, Balkan Endemic Nephropathy
- Arteriovenous Malformations and Fistulas of the Urologic Tract
- Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia
- Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
- Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
- Balkan endemic nephropathy
- Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
- Bardoxolone methyl
- Bartter Syndrome
- Bath Salts and Acute Kidney Injury
- Beer Potomania
- Beeturia
- Benign nephrosclerosis
- Bile Cast Nephropathy
- BK Polyoma Virus Nephropathy in the Native Kidney
- Bladder Rupture
- Bladder Sphincter Dyssynergia
- Bladder Tamponade
- Border-Crossers' Nephropathy
- Bourbon Virus and Acute Kidney Injury
- Bright's disease
- Burnt Sugarcane Harvesting and Acute Renal Dysfunction
- Byetta and Renal Failure
- C1q Nephropathy
- C3 Glomerulopathy
- C3 Glomerulopathy with Monoclonal Gammopathy
- C4 Glomerulopathy
- Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity
- Callilepsis Laureola Poisoning
- Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Acute Renal Failure
- Cardiorenal syndrome
- Carfilzomib-Indiced Renal Injury
- CFHR5 nephropathy
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease with Glomerulopathy
- Cherry Concentrate and Acute Kidney Injury
- Chinese Herbal Medicines and Nephrotoxicity
- Cholesterol Emboli
- Chronic kidney disease
- Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder
- Churg-Strauss syndrome
- Chyluria
- Ciliopathy
- Cocaine and the Kidney
- Cold Diuresis
- Colistin Nephrotoxicity
- Collagenofibrotic Glomerulopathy
- Collapsing Glomerulopathy, Collapsing Glomerulopathy Related to CMV
- Combination Antiretroviral (cART) Related-Nephropathy
- Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT)
- Congenital nephrotic syndrome
- Congestive Renal Failure
- Conorenal syndrome
- Conorenal syndrome (Mainzer-Saldino Syndrome or Saldino-Mainzer Disease)
- Contrast Nephropathy
- Contrast-induced nephropathy
- Copper Sulphate Intoxication
- Cortical Necrosis
- Crizotinib-related Acute Kidney Injury
- Cryocrystalglobulinemia
- Cryoglobuinemia
- Crystal-Induced Acute Kidney injury
- Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis
- Crystalglobulin-Induced Nephropathy
- Cystic kidney disease
- Cystic Kidney Disease, Acquired
- Cystinuria
- Dasatinib-Induced Nephrotic-Range Proteinuria
- Dense Deposit Disease (MPGN Type 2)
- Dent Disease (X-linked Recessive Nephrolithiasis)
- Dent's disease
- DHA Crystalline Nephropathy
- Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease
- Diabetes Insipidus
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome
- Dietary Supplements and Renal Failure
- Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis
- Diffuse proliferative nephritis
- Distal renal tubular acidosis
- Diuresis
- Djenkol Bean Poisoning (Djenkolism)
- Down Syndrome and Kidney Disease
- Drugs of Abuse and Kidney Disease
- Duplicated Ureter
- EAST syndrome
- Ebola and the Kidney
- Ectopic Kidney
- Ectopic Ureter
- Edema, Swelling
- End Stage Renal Disease Program
- Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- Erdheim-Chester Disease
- Fabry's Disease
- Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
- Fanconi Syndrome
- Fechtner syndrome
- Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis and Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy
- Fibronectin Glomerulopathy
- Fluid Overload, Hypervolemia
- Focal proliferative nephritis
- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
- Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Sclerosis, Focal Glomerulosclerosis
- Fraley syndrome
- Fraser syndrome
- Galloway Mowat syndrome
- Gestational Hypertension
- Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis with Kidney Involvement
- Gitelman Syndrome
- Glomerular Diseases
- Glomerular Tubular Reflux
- Glomerulocystic kidney disease
- Glomerulopathy
- Glycosuria
- Goldblatt kidney
- Goodpasture syndrome
- Green Smoothie Cleanse Nephropathy
- Hair Dye Ingestion and Acute Kidney Injury
- HANAC Syndrome
- Hantavirus Infection Podocytopathy
- Harvoni (Ledipasvir with Sofosbuvir)-Induced Renal Injury
- Heat Stress Nephropathy
- Hematologic Diseases Information Service
- Hematuria (Blood in Urine)
- Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS)
- Hemophagocytic Syndrome
- Hemorrhagic Cystitis
- Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS, Hantavirus Renal Disease, Korean Hemorrhagic Fever, Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever, Nephropathis Epidemica)
- Hemosiderinuria
- Hemosiderosis related to Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Hemolytic Anemia
- Hepatic Glomerulopathy
- Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease, Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome
- Hepatitis C-Associated Renal Disease
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1β-Associated Kidney Disease
- Hepatorenal Syndrome
- Herbal Supplements and Kidney Disease
- High Altitude Renal Syndrome
- High anion gap metabolic acidosis
- High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease
- HIV-Associated Immune Complex Kidney Disease (HIVICK)
- HIV-associated nephropathy
- HIV-Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN)
- HNF1B-related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease
- Horseshoe kidney
- Horseshoe Kidney (Renal Fusion)
- Hunner's Ulcer
- Hydronephrosis
- Hydroxychloroquine-induced Renal Phospholipidosis
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Hypercalcemia
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypermagnesemia
- Hypernatremia
- Hyperoxaluria
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Hypertension
- Hypertension, Monogenic
- Hypertensive kidney disease
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitic Syndrome
- Hypokalemia, Hypokalemia-induced renal dysfunction
- Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
- Hypomagnesemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hypophosphatemia
- Hypophosphatemia in Users of Cannabis
- Iced Tea Nephropathy
- Ifosfamide Nephrotoxicity
- IgA Nephropathy
- IgG4 Nephropathy
- Immersion Diuresis
- Immune Complex Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Due to Autoantibodies to the Proximal Tubule Brush Border
- Immune-Checkpoint Therapy-Related Interstitial Nephritis
- Infliximab-Related Renal Disease
- Interstitial Cystitis, Painful Bladder Syndrome (Questionnaire)
- Interstitial Nephritis
- Interstitial Nephritis, Karyomegalic
- Ivemark's syndrome
- JC Virus Nephropathy
- Joubert Syndrome
- Juvenile nephronophthisis
- Ketamine-Associated Bladder Dysfunction
- Kidney cancer
- Kidney disease
- Kidney Disease Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Kidney Disease Related to Stem Cell Transplantation
- Kidney stone disease
- Kidney Stones, Nephrolithiasis
- Kombucha Tea Toxicity
- Lead Nephropathy and Lead-Related Nephrotoxicity
- Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency (LCAT Deficiency)
- Leptospirosis Renal Disease
- Liddle Syndrome
- Light Chain Deposition Disease, Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease
- Light Chain Proximal Tubulopathy
- Lightwood-Albright Syndrome
- Lightwood-Albright syndrome
- Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy
- List of kidney stone formers
- Lithium Nephrotoxicity
- LMX1B Mutations Cause Hereditary FSGS
- Loin Pain Hematuria
- Lupus Kidney Disease, Lupus Nephritis
- Lupus nephritis
- Lupus Nephritis with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Seropositivity
- Lupus Podocytopathy
- Lupus, Systemic Lupus Erythematosis
- Lyme Disease-Associated Glomerulonephritis
- Lysinuric Protein Intolerance
- Lysozyme Nephropathy
- Malakoplakia
- Malarial nephropathy
- Malignancy-Associated Renal Disease
- Malignant Hypertension
- McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome
- MDMA (Molly; Ecstacy; 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and Kidney Failure
- Meatal Stenosis
- Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease
- Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease, Urolodulin-Associated Nephropathy, Juvenile Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Type 1
- Medullary sponge kidney
- Megaureter
- Melamine Toxicity and the Kidney
- MELAS Syndrome
- Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
- Membranous glomerulonephritis
- Membranous Nephropathy
- Membranous-like Glomerulopathy with Masked IgG Kappa Deposits
- MesoAmerican Nephropathy
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Methotrexate-related Renal Failure
- Microscopic Polyangiitis
- Milk-alkalai syndrome
- Milk-alkali syndrome
- Minimal Change Disease
- Minimal mesangial glomerulonephritis
- Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance, Dysproteinemia
- Mouthwash Toxicity
- MUC1 Nephropathy
- Multicystic dysplastic kidney
- Multiple Myeloma
- Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Glomerulopathy
- Nail-patella Syndrome
- NARP Syndrome
- Nephritis
- Nephrocalcinosis
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
- Nephromegaly
- Nephroptosis
- Nephroptosis (Floating Kidney, Renal Ptosis)
- Nephrosis
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Neurogenic Bladder
- Nodular Glomerulosclerosis
- Non-Gonococcal Urethritis
- Nutcracker syndrome
- Oligomeganephronia
- Orofaciodigital Syndrome
- Orotic Aciduria
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Orthostatic Proteinuria
- Osmotic Diuresis
- Osmotic Nephrosis
- Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
- Oxalate Nephropathy
- Page Kidney
- Papillary Necrosis
- Papillorenal syndrome
- Papillorenal Syndrome (Renal-Coloboma Syndrome, Isolated Renal Hypoplasia)
- PARN Mutations and Kidney Disease
- Parvovirus B19 and the Kidney
- Phosphate nephropathy
- Podocyte Infolding Glomerulopathy
- POEMS Syndrome
- Polyarteritis Nodosa
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis (IgA-Dominant), Mimicking IgA Nephropathy
- Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis, Atypical
- Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis, Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
- Post-Obstructive Diuresis
- Posterior Urethral Valve
- Posterior Urethral Valves
- Preeclampsia
- Primary hyperoxaluria
- Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal IgG Deposits (Nasr Disease)
- Propofol infusion syndrome
- Propolis (Honeybee Resin) Related Renal Failure
- Proteinuria (Protein in Urine)
- Proximal renal tubular acidosis
- Pseudohyperaldosteronism
- Pseudohypobicarbonatemia
- Pseudohypoparathyroidism
- Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome
- Pyelonephritis
- Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection)
- Pyonephrosis
- Pyridium and Kidney Failure
- Radiation Nephropathy
- Ranolazine and the Kidney
- Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
- Refeeding syndrome
- Reflux Nephropathy
- Renal Abscess, Peripnephric Abscess
- Renal agenesis
- Renal angina
- Renal Arcuate Vein Microthrombi-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
- Renal Artery Aneurysm
- Renal Artery Dissection, Spontaneous
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- Renal Cell Cancer
- Renal Cyst
- Renal Hypouricemia with Exercise-induced Acute Renal Failure
- Renal Infarction
- Renal ischemia
- Renal Osteodystrophy
- Renal papillary necrosis
- Renal tubular acidosis
- Renal vein thrombosis
- Renin Mutations and Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease
- Renin Secreting Tumors (Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor)
- Reninoma
- Reset Osmostat
- Retrocaval Ureter
- Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
- Rhabdomyolysis, Rhabdomyolysis related to Bariatric Sugery
- Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Renal Disease
- Salt Wasting, Renal and Cerebral
- Sarcoidosis Renal Disease
- Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia
- Schistosomiasis and Glomerular Disease
- Scleroderma Renal Crisis
- Secondary hypertension
- Serpentine fibula-polycystic kidney syndrome
- Serpentine Fibula-Polycystic Kidney Syndrome, Exner Syndrome
- Shunt nephritis
- Sickle Cell Nephropathy
- Silica Exposure and Chronic Kidney Disease
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Renal Disease
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Renal Disease
- Sri Lankan Farmers' Kidney Disease
- Synthetic Cannabinoid Use and Acute Kidney Injury
- TAFRO Syndrome
- Tea and Toast Hyponatremia
- Tenofovir-Induced Nephrotoxicity
- Tetracapsuloides
- The Peritoneal-Renal Syndrome
- Thin basement membrane disease
- Thin Basement Membrane Disease, Benign Familial Hematuria
- Thrombotic Microangiopathy Associated with Monoclonal Gammopathy
- Transplant glomerulopathy
- Trench Nephritis
- Trigonitis
- Tuberculosis, Genitourinary
- Tuberous Sclerosis
- Tubular Dysgenesis
- Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis
- Tubulopathy
- Tumor Lysis Syndrome
- Uremia
- Uremic frost
- Uremic Optic Neuropathy
- Ureteritis Cystica
- Ureterocele
- Urethral Caruncle
- Urethral Stricture
- Urinary Incontinence
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Urinary Tract Obstruction
- Urogenital Fistula
- Uromodulin-Associated Kidney Disease
- Vancomycin-Associated Cast Nephropathy
- Vasomotor Nephropathy
- Vesicointestinal Fistula
- Vesicoureteral Reflux
- VGEF Inhibition and Renal Thrombotic Microangiopathy
- Volatile Anesthetics and Acute Kidney Injury
- Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
- Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis
- Warfarin-Related Nephropathy
- Wasp Stings and Acute Kidney Injury
- Wegener's Granulomatosis, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
- West Nile Virus and Chronic Kidney Disease
- Wunderlich syndrome
- Zellweger Syndrome, Cerebrohepatorenal Syndrome
- β-Thalassemia Renal Disease
List of Kidney Diseases and Conditions
Ian C. Langtree - Writer/Editor for Disabled World (DW)
Published: 2018/08/04 - Updated: 2025/03/31
Publication Type: Informative
Category Topic: Kidney Cancer - Academic Publications
Page Content: Synopsis - Introduction - Main - Insights, Updates
Synopsis: ​This information provides a comprehensive overview of various acute and chronic kidney diseases, detailing conditions that can impair kidney function. It explains the kidneys' vital roles, including waste removal, fluid balance, and hormone production. The content delves into chronic kidney disease (CKD), highlighting its gradual progression and potential to lead to end-stage kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplantation. It also addresses acute kidney injury (AKI), emphasizing its sudden onset and the necessity for immediate medical intervention. Given the higher prevalence of kidney issues among seniors and individuals with disabilities, this resource serves as a valuable tool for understanding, identifying, and managing kidney-related health concerns - Disabled World (DW).
Introduction
Humans have two kidneys, each about the size of your fist. The kidneys are located near the middle of the back - just below the rib cage. Inside each kidney are tiny structures called nephrons - about a million of them! Their job is to filter all the blood circulating in the body. The kidneys remove wastes, toxins, and excess water, which becomes the waste product known as urine. The urine flows from each kidney through tubes called ureters. The urine collects in the bladder, which stores the urine until you pee.
Main Content
Most kidney diseases attack these nephron filters in the kidneys, and the damage can be to leave both kidneys unable to remove wastes and toxins. Causes can include genetic problems, injuries, or certain medicines. You have a higher risk of kidney disease if you have diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension), or a family member with kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease damages the nephrons slowly over several years.
What is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
More often, kidney function worsens over several years. This is known as chronic kidney disease. Sometimes it can progress to end-stage kidney disease, which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to keep you alive. Treatment for chronic kidney disease mainly focuses on slowing the progression of the damage to the kidney - usually by trying to control the underlying cause. Chronic kidney disease can progress to end-stage kidney failure, fatal without artificial filtering (dialysis) or a kidney transplant.
Kidney GFR Chart by Age and CKD Stages Table: Chart of Kidney Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) number according to your age, includes a table showing chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages.
What is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?
Acute kidney injury is sudden kidney damage within a few hours or days. Acute kidney injury is also known as acute kidney or renal failure. It may occur due to damage to the kidney tissue caused by decreased kidney blood flow (kidney ischemia) from any cause (e.g., low blood pressure), exposure to substances and toxins harmful to the kidney, an inflammatory process in the kidney, or an obstruction of the urinary tract that impedes the flow of urine. AKI is a severe condition and requires immediate medical treatment. In many cases, it will be short-term, but it may lead to long-term chronic kidney disease in some people. Acute kidney injury is more commonly found in patients in hospitals, intensive care units, or among seniors.
Labeled Cross Section of a Human Kidney
Labeled anatomy of the human kidney. Blausen.com staff (2014). Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014. WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436.
*This list is for informational purposes only and may be outdated, incorrect, or incomplete. Your doctor can do routine blood and urine tests to check if you may have kidney disease.
Insights, Analysis, and Developments
Editorial Note: Understanding the spectrum of kidney diseases is crucial, particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly and those with disabilities. Early detection and proactive management can significantly improve health outcomes and quality of life for individuals affected by kidney conditions - Disabled World (DW).
Author Credentials: Ian is the founder and Editor-in-Chief of Disabled World, a leading resource for news and information on disability issues. With a global perspective shaped by years of travel and lived experience, Ian is a committed proponent of the Social Model of Disability-a transformative framework developed by disabled activists in the 1970s that emphasizes dismantling societal barriers rather than focusing solely on individual impairments. His work reflects a deep commitment to disability rights, accessibility, and social inclusion. To learn more about Ian's background, expertise, and accomplishments, visit his full biography.