Synopsis: The nail color of fingernails and toenails can reveal certain severe health conditions. For instance, white nails may be indicative of kidney or liver disorders or anemia.
• Healthy fingernails and toenails should be white as it grows off the nail bed and the nail plate a pinkish color.
• Pitted brown spots in fingernails may indicate skin and a joint disorder called psoriasis.
Introduction
Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough protective protein called keratin. Keratin is one of a family of fibrous structural proteins and is the key structural material making up hair, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of human skin.
Main Item
Health-care and pre-hospital-care providers (EMTs or paramedics) often use the fingernail beds (CRT or blanch test) as a cursory indicator of distal tissue perfusion of individuals who may be dehydrated or in shock.
Healthy fingernails and toenails should generally be pink - with the healthy nail plate being pink and the nail being white as it grows off the nail bed. Fingernail color and condition changes are rarely the first clues of serious illness. In most instances, patients will manifest other signs or symptoms of disease before nail changes become evident.
Nail colors can generally be grouped into black, blue, brown/copper, green, blue-green, grey, yellow, pale, purple or red groups - each color means something different. Remember that your nails may look a particular way for another reason unrelated to your health but could be due to mechanical or environmental influences. Your beauty therapist and manicurist should also be able to guide you in this field.
When healthy fingernails begin to change color or texture, one of the most common underlying causes is nail fungus, which can cause the nails to crack, peel, and change color and texture. Common disorders like thyroid disease can also cause abnormalities in the toenail and fingernail beds, often producing dry brittle nails that crack and split easily.
Blue fingernails, also known as azure lunula (medical term - cyanosis), are characterized by a blue discoloration of the lunulae. Blue Fingernails Can be Indicative of:
Argyria - A condition caused by exposure to chemical compounds of the element silver.
Hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease)
Raynaud's disease - The fingers and toes blanch, then turn blue and may become numb or painful on exposure to cold.
Septicemia - Also known as bacteremia or blood poisoning. Septicemia occurs when a bacterial infection enters the bloodstream.
Blue fingernails may represent a type of cyanosis caused by a lower level of lack of circulating oxygen in the red blood cells.
May also represent a high level of an abnormal form of hemoglobin in the circulation.
If normal color returns upon warming and/or massage, the cause is due to the body part not getting enough blood supply due to cold, constriction (of the tissues or the blood vessels that supply the tissues) or some other reason.
If the fingernails remain blue, then there may be an underlying disease or structural abnormality interfering with the body's ability to deliver oxygenated red blood cells to the body.
May be indicative of kidney or liver disorders or anemia.
White lined bands across the nail beds can signal a protein deficiency.
White nails with a rim of darker color at the tip of the nail is called Terry's nail and can be a sign of cirrhosis of the liver
White Spots on Nails
In most cases this is due to a zinc deficiency or injuries to the nail bed.
Indicative of certain internal problems such as arthritis, or from poisoning.
Iron or zinc deficiency
Although it has been noted that white lines can be symptoms of a serious disorder, their presence is more than likely a result of iron or zinc deficiency.
White Areas Under Nails
When there are white areas visible under the nail, normally at the tip of the nail where it joins the nail bed, this normally indicates a fungal infection and must be treated medically.
Half white nails, with dark spots, especially on the tip, may be indicative of kidney diseases.
Yellow discoloration in your fingernails can also result from a respiratory condition, such as chronic bronchitis, or from swelling of your hands (lymphedema).
In yellow nail syndrome, nails thicken and new growth slows, resulting in discoloration. Nails affected with this condition may lack a cuticle and may detach from the nail bed in places.
Splinter hemorrhage shows up as red or brown lines along the long axis of the nail and may be caused by endocarditis (an inflammation of the heart membranes) or trichinosis (a parasitic infection from undercooked pork).
A simple dark blue line in the fingernail can be a sign of skin cancer.
Tiny black streaks can indicate a possible heart problem.
Thin black lines on the nail often indicate a heart disease.
Brown Spots Under Nails
Pitted brown spots in fingernails may indicate a skin and joint disorder called psoriasis.
•Color of Fingernails and Toenails Health Indicator Chart - The nail color of fingernails and toenails can reveal certain severe health conditions. For instance, white nails may be indicative of kidney or liver disorders or anemia.
Citing Information and Page References
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Cite This Page (APA): Langtree, I. C. (2015, October 11 - Last revised: 2022, June 24). Color of Fingernails and Toenails Health Indicator Chart. Disabled World (DW). Retrieved February 8, 2025 from www.disabled-world.com/health/dermatology/nails/nail-color.php
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