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Monkeypox: Risk, Concerns, Awareness and Vaccines

Published: 2022-09-15
Author: Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania - Contact: annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org
Peer-Reviewed: N/A
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On This Page: Summary - Defining Monkeypox - Main Article - About/Author

Synopsis: Answers from a survey in regards to questions about Monkeypox disease, including risks, concerns, misinformation, and conspiracy theories. Monkeypox, discovered in 1958, is typically characterized by rashes and transmitted person-to-person by direct contact with the infectious rash, scabs, or body fluids of an infected person; respiratory secretions; by touching items that touched infectious body fluid; by a pregnant person to a fetus through the placenta; or to and from infected animals. Monkeypox, a rare disease caused by an orthopoxvirus, is a less deadly member of the same family of viruses as smallpox, according to the CDC.

Definition

Monkeypox

Monkeypox is a rare disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus. The monkeypox virus is part of the same family of viruses as the variola virus, which causes smallpox. Monkeypox symptoms are similar to smallpox symptoms but milder, and monkeypox is rarely fatal. Monkeypox is not related to chickenpox. The monkeypox virus spreads mainly through close, intimate contact with someone who has monkeypox. You can take steps to prevent getting monkeypox and lower your risk during sex. CDC recommends vaccination for people who have been exposed to monkeypox and people who are at higher risk of being exposed to monkeypox. If you have any symptoms of monkeypox, talk to your healthcare provider, even if you don't think you had contact with someone who has monkeypox. CDC is urging healthcare providers in the United States to be alert for patients with rash illnesses consistent with monkeypox.

Main Digest

The public's knowledge about monkeypox has increased rapidly in recent weeks. However, misconceptions and uncertainty persist. Over a quarter of Americans say they are not likely to vaccinate against monkeypox if exposed to it, according to a new Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) survey.

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The national panel survey conducted in August finds that 1 in 5 Americans (21%) are somewhat or apprehensive about contracting monkeypox in the next three months, statistically the same as in our July survey (19%).

The findings come as officials in California and Texas report the deaths of two individuals who had contracted monkeypox, which was declared a public health emergency on Aug. 4 by U.S. health officials. As of Sept. 12, there were 21,985 confirmed U.S. cases, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In late August, however, the rate of increase in new cases had slowed in parts of the United States, leading CDC Director Rochelle Walensky to say she was "cautiously optimistic."

The survey found increases in knowledge over a month since APPC's last survey:

"At a time when people are questioning the capacity of public health authorities to convey important information about consequential health risks effectively, it is a credit to their efforts and those of the news media that the public has so quickly picked up critical knowledge about the new health threat posed by monkeypox," said Annenberg Public Policy Center Director Kathleen Hall Jamieson.

The nationally representative panel of 1,621 U.S. adults surveyed by SSRS for the Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania from August 16-22, 2022, was the eighth wave of an Annenberg Science Knowledge (ASK) survey whose respondents were first empaneled in April 2021. The margin of sampling error (MOE) is ± 3.3 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. See the appendix and methodology for additional information.

This is a follow-up to the seventh wave of the ASK survey, conducted July 12-18, 2022, of 1,580 U.S. adults, with a margin of error of ± 3.3 percentage points.

Article continues below image.
Graph charts the percentage of answers to the following question: As far as you know, are people at a higher risk of infection with monkeypox if they... Are men who have sex with men? Have had Covid-19?
Graph charts the percentage of answers to the following question: As far as you know, are people at a higher risk of infection with monkeypox if they... Are men who have sex with men? Have had Covid-19?
Continued...

Monkeypox Concerns

Monkeypox, a rare disease caused by an orthopoxvirus, is a less deadly member of the same family of viruses as smallpox, according to the CDC. The disease, discovered in 1958, is typically characterized by rashes and transmitted person-to-person by direct contact with the infectious rash, scabs, or body fluids of an infected person; respiratory secretions; by touching items that touched infectious body fluid; by a pregnant person to a fetus through the placenta; or to and from infected animals. On Sept. 7, the CDC said:

"Monkeypox is often transmitted through close, sustained physical contact, almost exclusively associated with sexual contact in the current outbreak."

Among the Findings:

Monkeypox Knowledge

The survey finds that:

Knowing how monkeypox spreads: 84% know that monkeypox usually spreads by close contact with an infected person, up from 69% in July.

Isolate if infected: 77% know that people with monkeypox should isolate at home until the rash is gone, which the CDC advises.

Most do not know monkeypox is less contagious than Covid: Only 41% know that monkeypox is less contagious than Covid-19, a statistically significant change from July (36%). The other 59% of survey respondents think incorrectly that monkeypox is either as contagious (17%) or more contagious (5%) than Covid-19 or say they are not sure (37%). The CDC says monkeypox "is not known to linger in the air and is not transmitted during short periods of shared airspace" but through direct contact with an infected individual or materials that have touched body fluids or sores or through respiratory secretions during "close, face-to-face contact." An infectious disease expert, Anne Rimoin, told Vox monkeypox is "not as highly transmissible as something like smallpox, or measles, or certainly not Covid."

Who is at Higher Risk of Getting Monkeypox?

The survey finds that people are knowledgeable about some risks of contracting monkeypox:

More Awareness of a Monkeypox Vaccine

Compared with July, in August, there was much greater awareness of a vaccine to prevent monkeypox infection: 61% know that a vaccine for monkeypox exists, up from 34% in July. However, the latest survey still finds that a total of 4 in 10 people (39%) are unsure whether a vaccine exists or do not think it does, decreased from 66% in July. The Food and Drug Administration has licensed a vaccine for preventing monkeypox disease, and in addition, a vaccine licensed for smallpox is available to help prevent the disease, according to the CDC.

People can be vaccinated with the Jynneos monkeypox vaccine even after a known or presumed exposure to someone with monkeypox, ideally within four days after exposure, the CDC says.

When survey respondents were asked how likely they would be to take the monkeypox vaccine if exposed to monkeypox, less than half said they are "very likely":

Monkeypox Misinformation and Conspiracy Theories

As in July's survey, a majority of Americans do not believe conspiracy theories that monkeypox was bioengineered in a lab or intentionally released - though some remain uncertain about what is true or false. The levels of belief did not change significantly from July to August.

Attribution/Source(s):

This quality-reviewed article relating to our Monkeypox Virus section was selected for publishing by the editors of Disabled World due to its likely interest to our disability community readers. Though the content may have been edited for style, clarity, or length, the article "Monkeypox: Risk, Concerns, Awareness and Vaccines" was originally written by Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania, and published by Disabled-World.com on 2022-09-15. Should you require further information or clarification, Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania can be contacted at annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org. Disabled World makes no warranties or representations in connection therewith.

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Cite This Page (APA): Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania. (2022, September 15). Monkeypox: Risk, Concerns, Awareness and Vaccines. Disabled World. Retrieved September 24, 2023 from www.disabled-world.com/health/monkeypox/vaccine-concerns.php

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