Puberty Puts Teens at Risk for Early Heart Disease
Author: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
Published: 2009/10/27 - Updated: 2025/09/17
Publication Details: Peer-Reviewed, Research, Study, Analysis
Category Topic: Pediatric Disabilities - Academic Publications
Page Content: Synopsis - Introduction - Main - Insights, Updates
Synopsis: This research presents findings from a seven-year longitudinal study examining cardiovascular risk factors in over 20,000 Canadian grade 9 students aged 14 and 15. The study, conducted by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada in collaboration with Heart Niagara Inc., reveals that one in five teenagers has high blood pressure, while elevated cholesterol levels increased dramatically from nine to sixteen percent between 2002 and 2008. The research demonstrates that most adolescents already possess at least one major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, with obesity rates also climbing alarmingly during this critical developmental period.
This comprehensive data collection effort, involving school boards and public health officials, provides crucial evidence for understanding early cardiovascular disease development and offers valuable insights for families managing chronic health conditions, healthcare providers working with pediatric populations, and communities seeking to implement preventive health measures before these risk factors track into adulthood - Disabled World (DW).
Introduction
A seven-year ongoing study examining over 20,000 Canadian grade 9 students shows most already have at least one major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, Dr. Brian McCrindle told the Canadian Cardiovascular Congress 2009, co-hosted by the Heart and Stroke Foundation and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society.
"This study is further evidence of an accelerating decline in the heart health of Canada's teens," says Dr. McCrindle, a cardiologist at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. "Children shouldn't have these profiles."
Main Content
The study investigated the heart health of 20,719 grade 9 students aged 14 and 15 years. The study found that, between 2002 and 2008, the rates of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity in these teens were alarmingly high and, even more worrisome, increasing over time.
"It is shocking that one in five 14 and 15 year old's has high blood pressure," says Heart and Stroke Foundation spokesperson Dr. Beth Abramson. "What does this say for the future health of these young teens? They are at risk of developing long-term health effects such as premature heart disease and type 2 diabetes."
High blood pressure is the leading cause of stroke and a major risk factor for heart disease.
"We're ringing the alarm bell. Every child has the right to grow up healthy," says Dr. Abramson.
The teens' elevated cholesterol rates had the greatest increase, accelerating from nine to 16 percent in six years.
"An increase of this magnitude in this age group is astonishing," says Dr. Abramson. "These risk factor levels will continue to increase and track into adulthood unless we do something now. These children are in grave danger."
Dr. McCrindle says the situation could be even worse than it looks. There is a synergistic relationship between risk factors.
"One of the things we already know is that it is the number of risk factors you have that really accelerates the whole process," he says. "And when you have a healthy looking kid in front of you, it's easy to miss the invisible time bomb waiting do go off."
"Unfortunately, our kids' gaming superheroes are getting better workouts than they are," says Dr. Abramson. "With changing technologies, we need to exercise our bodies more than our brains," she says. "Over 50 percent of Canadian children between the ages of five and 17 aren't active enough to support optimal health and development - and over a quarter of our children and youth are overweight or obese."
They don't do any better on the nutrition front: only half get the daily recommended amount of fruit and vegetables.
Healthy behaviors including regular physical activity that begin at a young age and continue throughout life are important to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. Dr. Abramson recommends that children and youth build up to at least 60 to 90 minutes of daily physical activity most days of the week and consume a healthy, balanced diet that includes foods from the four food groups in Canada's Food Guide.
"You don't have to try to fit something else into their busy days," she says. "You simply need to encourage children to trade an hour of inactivity for an hour of activity."
Dr. McCrindle notes that family history, low levels of physical activity, high levels of sedentary behavior, poor nutrition, and lower socio-economic status all play a role. He says that one of the great deficiencies in Canada is that, although there is a push to recognize guidelines for management of risk factors in adults, there is very little for kids.
"We need comprehensive and integrated Canadian guidelines for keeping our children healthy and we need them soon because this type of study is showing the worst is yet to come," says Dr. McCrindle. "This is the first generation of children that may have a shorter lifespan than their parents."
The data were collected by Heart Niagara Inc., a nonprofit corporation which partnered with school boards and public health officials in a grade 9 physical education curriculum enrichment program designed to prevent chronic disease.
They assessed students' blood pressure, height and weight, and blood cholesterol, capturing pretty well all of the grade 9 students in the system.
"It took a collaborative effort to collect this data. Working together is key to turning around the heart health of our children," says Dr. Abramson. "It takes a village to raise a child and it will take all levels of society to give our children a healthier future. Individuals, families, schools, communities, businesses, industry, and government collectively can play a role in improving the health of our youth - now and for the future."
Heart and Stroke Foundation
The Heart and Stroke Foundation, a volunteer-based health charity, leads in eliminating heart disease and stroke and reducing their impact through the advancement of research and its application, the promotion of healthy living, and advocacy.
Statements and conclusions of study authors are solely those of the study authors and do not necessarily reflect Foundation or CCS policy or position. The Heart and Stroke Foundation of
Insights, Analysis, and Developments
Editorial Note: The implications of this research extend far beyond statistical trends, representing a fundamental shift in how we must approach pediatric health surveillance and intervention. When children as young as 14 display cardiovascular risk profiles traditionally associated with middle-aged adults, we're witnessing a compression of disease timelines that demands immediate, coordinated action across educational, healthcare, and policy sectors. The study's longitudinal design provides irrefutable evidence that current lifestyle patterns are creating a generation potentially destined for shorter lifespans than their parents—a sobering reality that transforms cardiovascular disease prevention from a future concern into an urgent pediatric health crisis requiring comprehensive societal response - Disabled World (DW).Attribution/Source(s): This peer reviewed publication was selected for publishing by the editors of Disabled World (DW) due to its relevance to the disability community. Originally authored by Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada and published on 2009/10/27, this content may have been edited for style, clarity, or brevity.