Comparing Online Postoperative Care to In-person Care

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Many patients prefer online postoperative care to in-person care - New Journal of American College of Surgeons study points to a greater role for patient-generated data in the future of postoperative care.

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Postoperative care is defined as the management of a patient after surgery. This includes care given during the immediate postoperative period, both in the operating room and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), as well as during the days following surgery. Critical immediate concerns are airway protection, pain control, mental status, and wound healing. Other important concerns are preventing urinary retention, constipation, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and BP variability (high or low). The goal of postoperative care is to prevent complications such as infection, to promote healing of the surgical incision, and to return the patient to a state of health. Another objective of postoperative care is to assist patients in taking responsibility for regaining optimum health.

The majority of patients who undergo routine, uncomplicated operations prefer online postoperative consultations to in-person visits, according to results from a new study published online as an "article in press" on the Journal of the American College of Surgeons website. The study will appear in the print publication of the Journal later this year.

In this prospective pilot study from Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn., researchers tracked 50 patients who completed both online and in-person visits after their operations. The patients underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic ventral hernia repair, umbilical hernia repair, or inguinal hernia repair. Seventy-six percent of this group said that online visits were acceptable as the only form of follow-up care. Further, the surgeons conducting the study said that for 68 percent of patients, online and in-person visits were equally effective; indicating that offering an option for online care may have largely impacted patient preferences.

Lead study author Kristy Kummerow Broman, MD, MPH, resident physician in general surgery, said the research team approached the study by questioning whether all aspects of perioperative care need to take place in person, and thought that there might be a role for moving some postoperative care for certain operations to an online environment.

"To date, there has been minimal incorporation of these new care delivery modalities into general surgical care, and patients have been less frequently relied upon to generate their own data in the form of digital images," the study authors wrote.

An online patient portal was used for the study that had previously been established at Vanderbilt as a way for patients to access health data and communicate with their care providers. As a prerequisite for participating, all study patients were required to have internet access and be able to take and upload digital images to the online portal. Next, patients were asked to upload digital wound images to the online portal using a smartphone, tablet, or digital camera and computer to the online portal. Surgeons then responded to patients about their symptom reports and wound images. The surgeon and patient did not need to be online at the same time, but uploaded and accessed information at their own convenience.

Images of patient wounds have previously been used more for provider-to-provider interaction, but having patients generate images for patient-to-provider consultation is a relatively new concept, according to Dr. Kummerow Broman. Not only did patients show a preference for online care in this study; the surgeons saw benefits for this type of follow-up approach as well.

"By the end, all of our surgeons saw utility in the concept of online care," Dr. Kummerow Broman said.

Despite the optimism from patients and surgeons, the researchers acknowledged certain limitations to the study.

"The data revealed potential advantages of online postoperative care, including convenient access for patients, decreased patient travel times, and surgeon efficiency gains; however, these benefits must be carefully weighed against potential detriments of using patient-generated data to provide clinical assessment, including concerns about liability, provider work burden, and modified patient-provider relationships," study authors noted.

"Some operations simply require an in-person assessment. We think the key is designing our tools for online care and developing appropriate standards for adequate online assessment so that providers can determine when online care is adequate and when in-person care may be needed," Dr. Kummerow Broman said.

The study was designed to measure patient acceptance, and not to measure safety or quality of care, Dr. Kummerow Broman stressed. "We wanted to first establish whether this method is something that patients wanted, and now that we feel we have done so, we are continuing our research in this area trying to develop ways to measure safety and quality," she explained.

Other Study Coauthors:

Omobolanle O Oyefule, MD; Sharon E Phillips, MSPH; Rebeccah B Baucom, MD; Michael D Holzman, MD, MPH, FACS; Kenneth W Sharp, MD, FACS; Richard A Pierce, MD, PhD, FACS; William H Nealon, MD, FACS; and Benjamin K Poulose, MD, MPH, FACS. "FACS" designates that a surgeon is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. NOTE: Dr. Poulose received research support from Bard-Davol and is a paid consultant to Ariste Medical. All other authors have nothing to disclose. Support: This material is based upon work supported by the Office of Academic Affiliations (OAA), Department of Veterans Affairs, VA National Quality Scholars Program and with use of facilities at VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN. The project was also supported by the National Center for Research Resources, Grant UL1RR024975-01, and is now at the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Grant 2UL1 TR000445-06.

Postoperative Care using a Secure Online Patient Portal: Changing the (inter)Face of General Surgery. Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

Attribution/Source(s):

This quality-reviewed article relating to our Telemedicine or eHealth section was selected for publishing by the editors of Disabled World due to its likely interest to our disability community readers. Though the content may have been edited for style, clarity, or length, the article "Comparing Online Postoperative Care to In-person Care" was originally written by American College of Surgeons, and published by Disabled-World.com on 2015-10-09 (Updated: 2021-07-25). Should you require further information or clarification, American College of Surgeons can be contacted at facs.org. Disabled World makes no warranties or representations in connection therewith.

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