To evaluate the safety, acceptability, and efficacy of this intervention, the researchers enrolled 298 people, 60-75 years old, and randomized them by household to receive either standard care or an intervention aimed to increase PA.
(PA) - Defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Physical inactivity has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality causing an estimated 3.2 million deaths globally. According to the Department of Health and Human Services' "2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans," physical activity generally refers to movement that enhances health. Regular physical activity is one of the most important things you can do for your health.
The intervention included four PA consultations delivered by a primary care nurse over three months, which provided the participants with individualized PA plan and pedometer and accelerometer feedback.
Between consultations, the participants were asked to keep a PA diary and wear a pedometer, which provided them with immediate step-count feedback.
At three months, and again at 12 months, both the control and intervention groups were asked to wear accelerometers to objectively measure PA intensity and duration.
At 3 months, the intervention group's average daily step-counts were 1037 steps higher than the control group's, and participants in the intervention group spent 63 more minutes per week in moderate-to-vigorous PA bouts of 10 minutes or more.
At 12 months, those differences were 609 steps per day and 40 minutes per week.
This level of increased PA is estimated to decrease risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes by 5.5% and 9.1%, respectively. Adverse effects, such as falls or injuries, were similar between groups, and qualitative interviews and a focus group conducted at the end of the study revealed that participants and practice nurses were positive about the intervention.
While the findings suggest that this intervention might provide an effective way to increase PA, and therefore health, in older adults, further trials are needed to distinguish which aspects of the intervention were most effective, whether the intervention will be effective in more socio-economically diverse populations, and to determine the costs of implementing a program like this on a larger scale.
The authors say:
"Our study demonstrates that practice nurses can safely deliver an intervention to increase objectively measured PA levels in older people at 3 months, with a sustained effect at 12 months," and that "... the main advantage that primary care offers is an ideal setting for delivering PA interventions in this age group and the opportunity to integrate this into routine care."
Funding
This paper presents independent research funded by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) under its Research for patient benefit program (Grant reference number PB-PG-0909- 20055). Authors who received funding were: TH DGC CRV SMK AW SI UE PHW CB. The funding body had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing Interests
LD is director and DB is an employee of the profit-making organization 10 Minute CBT.
Citation
Harris T, Kerry SM, Victor CR, Ekelund U, Woodcock A, Iliffe S, et al. (2015) A Primary Care Nurse-Delivered Walking Intervention in Older Adults: PACE (Pedometer Accelerometer Consultation Evaluation)-Lift Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS Med 12(2): e1001783. doi:10.1371/journal. pmed.1001783
Author Affiliations
Population Health Research Institute, St. George's University of London, UNITED KINGDOM
Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary's University of London, UNITED KINGDOM
College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunei University London, UNITED KINGDOM
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, NORWAY
MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
Independent Psychology Research Consultant, UNITED KINGDOM
University College London, UNITED KINGDOM
Kingston University and St. George's University of London, UNITED KINGDOM
10 Minute CBT, UNITED KINGDOM
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