From Fiction to Function: AI as a Lifeline for Inclusion
Author: Jaldeep Sapkota
Published: 2025/06/03 - Updated: 2025/06/04
Publication Type: Paper, Essay
Category Topic: AI and Disabilities - Academic Publications
Page Content: Synopsis - Introduction - Main - Insights, Updates
Synopsis: This paper, authored by Jaldeep Sapkota, a visually impaired advocate, is a compelling exploration of how Artificial Intelligence (AI) has evolved from science fiction to a vital tool for enhancing accessibility and independence for people with disabilities. It details AI's transformative applications, such as screen readers for the blind, real-time captioning for the deaf, and speech recognition for those with motor impairments, highlighting tools like Be My Eyes, Seeing AI, and Voiceitt. The paper is particularly valuable for its clear explanation of AI's potential to foster inclusion, making it relevant for individuals with disabilities, seniors who may face mobility or sensory challenges, and caregivers. It also addresses critical challenges like algorithmic bias and privacy concerns, offering actionable strategies for ethical AI development. This makes it a practical resource for technologists, policymakers, and advocates working to create a more inclusive world - Disabled World (DW).
Introduction
Artificial Intelligence has moved beyond the pages of science fiction novels into the fabric of our daily lives. It is no longer an imagined entity but a transformative force reshaping industries, enhancing communication, and redefining accessibility. For millions of people with disabilities around the world, Artificial Intelligence is not just a tool for convenience - it is a lifeline to independence, dignity, and opportunity.
Main Content
The Evolution of Artificial Intelligence: From Fantasy to Function
Artificial Intelligence has evolved through three distinct developmental phases. The earliest stage, known as Symbolic Artificial Intelligence, relied on hand-coded rules and logical reasoning. The second phase embraced Machine Learning, where systems began learning from data to improve over time. The most recent and powerful evolution is Deep Learning, which mimics the human brain through neural networks, enabling machines to perform complex tasks such as visual recognition, speech generation, and decision-making.
Fueled by rapid advancements in computing power and the availability of vast datasets, Artificial Intelligence has moved from theoretical potential to practical reality.
Transforming Lives: How Artificial Intelligence Supports Persons with Disabilities
While Artificial Intelligence touches all aspects of life, its greatest promise lies in breaking down barriers for persons with disabilities. For individuals who are blind or have low vision, intelligent screen readers and voice-controlled assistants offer seamless interaction with digital content. For people with limited mobility, voice-command devices allow control of home environments without physical effort. Those who are deaf or hard of hearing benefit from real-time captioning tools and speech-to-text applications that foster better communication and participation.
Some of the most impactful Artificial Intelligence tools for persons with disabilities include:
- Be My Eyes: This application connects blind users with sighted volunteers or trained agents through live video calls to assist with everyday tasks - from reading labels to navigating unfamiliar spaces.
- Seeing AI: Developed by Microsoft, this application uses computer vision to describe people, text, objects, and surroundings to blind users through audio feedback.
- Voiceitt: Designed for individuals with speech impairments, this tool uses Artificial Intelligence to interpret non-standard speech patterns, allowing users to communicate clearly through technology.
- SignAll: A real-time American Sign Language translator that uses cameras and Artificial Intelligence to convert sign language into spoken or written language.
- Otter.ai and Google Live Transcribe: These tools offer real-time transcription of spoken words, benefiting users who are deaf or hard of hearing.
- WheelMate: Powered by user input and Artificial Intelligence, this app helps wheelchair users find accessible restrooms and parking spots in their surroundings.
These tools exemplify how Artificial Intelligence can serve as a bridge to autonomy, inclusion, and self-reliance for persons with disabilities.
Artificial Intelligence as an Equalizer
For persons with disabilities, Artificial Intelligence is not just an innovation - it is a force multiplier. It enables access to knowledge, enhances communication, and fosters independent living. For example, personalized learning systems support students with diverse learning needs. AI-integrated home automation allows people with limited mobility to control lights, doors, or appliances with simple voice commands. AI-generated speech tools offer communication alternatives for non-verbal individuals.
Through these applications, Artificial Intelligence transforms limitations into new opportunities and challenges the traditional boundaries of what persons with disabilities can achieve.
Challenges in the Artificial Intelligence Landscape
Despite its promise, Artificial Intelligence is not without flaws. One pressing concern is algorithmic bias. If the data used to train Artificial Intelligence systems lacks representation of people with disabilities, the outcomes may unintentionally exclude or misrepresent them. For example, facial recognition software may fail to detect or misidentify individuals with atypical features or assistive devices.
Lack of transparency is another challenge. As Artificial Intelligence becomes more embedded in decisions related to education, healthcare, or employment, it is vital that the rationale behind these decisions is clear and fair - especially when they affect vulnerable populations.
Privacy and consent are equally critical. Many Artificial Intelligence tools require data from users - whether speech, movement, or health information. Without strict ethical guidelines, there is a risk of misuse or surveillance that could disproportionately harm persons with disabilities.
Strategies for Responsible and Inclusive Artificial Intelligence Development
To fully unlock the potential of Artificial Intelligence for persons with disabilities, developers must integrate inclusive design principles from the very beginning. This means:
- Using diverse and representative datasets to avoid bias.
- Involving persons with disabilities as co-creators, not just test users.
- Ensuring accessibility features are standard, not add-ons.
- Establishing transparency and accountability in how Artificial Intelligence systems make decisions.
- Creating feedback mechanisms to improve tools based on real-world use and lived experiences.
Ethical development must prioritize human dignity, autonomy, and privacy - ensuring Artificial Intelligence becomes a liberator, not a limiter.
Conclusion: Designing a Future That Includes Everyone
The journey of Artificial Intelligence from science fiction to practical reality has brought with it profound implications. As the technology matures, its potential to elevate the lives of persons with disabilities must remain central to its development. Artificial Intelligence is not merely a luxury or convenience - it is a transformative force that can bridge long-standing accessibility gaps.
The tools we build today must be inclusive, ethical, and co-created with the very people they aim to serve. From education and employment to everyday communication and mobility, Artificial Intelligence has the power to make the world more accessible and equitable. The challenge lies not in the limits of technology, but in the breadth of our imagination and the strength of our commitment to leave no one behind.
Let us ensure that as Artificial Intelligence propels humanity forward, it carries everyone along - with dignity, accessibility, and empowerment at its core.
About the Author
Jaldeep Sapkota is a visually impaired youth advocate from Nepal, committed to advancing disability rights and inclusive development. Currently pursuing a Bachelor degree in Major English and Social Work at St. Xavier's College, he bridges academic knowledge with grassroots activism to promote equity and accessibility for persons with disabilities. Jaldeep's advocacy focuses on digital accessibility, road safety, and inclusive sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). As a Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) Champion at Blind Youth Association Nepal, he works to dismantle societal barriers and champion inclusive education and services. Through his work, Jaldeep envisions a world where dignity, autonomy, and equal opportunity are upheld for all.