Dolphin in Florida Detected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Flu

Author: University of Florida
Published: 26 Apr 2024
Publication Details: Peer-Reviewed | Case Study

Table of Contents:
Synopsis - Overview - Related Content

Synopsis

Analyses ruled out the presence of other potential agents at play in the dolphin, verifying the presence of HPAI virus in both the lung and brain.

Overview

In August of 2022, University of Florida (UF) College of Veterinary Medicine researchers and state and federal laboratories identified the first cetacean to be found infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in America, and the second known case in the world. The virus recovered from this dolphin belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b of the Eurasian H5 viral lineage, which has been widespread in North American and European birds. In addition, The outbreak of bird flu currently tearing through U.S. poultry is the worst in American history. Scientists say it is now spreading beyond farms into places and species it has never been before...

The case of a Florida bottlenose dolphin found with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) - a discovery made by University of Florida researchers in collaboration with multiple other agencies and one of the first reports of a constantly growing list of mammals affected by this virus - has been published in Communications Biology.

The report documents the discovery, the first finding of HPAIV in a cetacean in North America, from the initial response by UF's Marine Animal Rescue team to a report of a distressed dolphin in Dixie County, Florida, to the subsequent identification of the virus from brain and tissue samples obtained in a postmortem examination.

Analyses initially performed at UF's zoological medicine diagnostic laboratory ruled out the presence of other potential agents at play in the dolphin's disease, with the Bronson Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory in Kissimmee, Florida, verifying the presence of HPAI virus in both the lung and brain.

Those results were confirmed by the National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa, which characterized the virus subtype and pathotype. The virus was confirmed to be HPAI A (H5N1) virus of HA clade 2.3.4.4b. Subsequent tissue analysis was performed at the Biosafety Level 3 enhanced laboratory at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis.

Allison Murawski, D.V.M., a former intern with UF's aquatic animal medicine program, was first author on the study and developed a case report on the dolphin as part of her research project. She traveled to Memphis and worked closely with Richard Webby, Ph.D., who directs the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and Birds at St. Jude's and served as corresponding author on the paper

Webby's laboratory investigates avian influenza cases in many species and was key in determining where the virus may have originated, what unique RNA characteristics or mutations were present that could suggest its ability to infect other mammals, and how the virus could be tracked from this source.

The researchers sequenced the genomes from local birds and looked at viruses isolated from Northeast seal populations.

"We still don't know where the dolphin got the virus and more research needs to be done," Webby said.

"This investigation was an important step in understanding this virus and is a great example where happenstance joins with curiosity, having to answer the 'why' and then seeing how the multiple groups and expertise took this to a fantastic representation of collaborative excellence," said Mike Walsh, D.V.M., an associate professor of aquatic animal health, who served as Murawski's faculty mentor.

Attribution/Source(s): This peer-reviewed publication was selected for publishing by the editors of Disabled World (DW) due to its relevance to the disability community. Originally issued as a press release by University of Florida and published on 26 Apr 2024. This content may have been edited for style, clarity, or brevity.