Micro-Nanoparticle for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Treatment
Author: University of the Basque Country
Published: 2014/10/20 - Updated: 2020/12/06
Topic: Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology - Publications List
Page Content: Synopsis - Introduction - Main
Synopsis: Growth factors are encapsulated so that they can inserted into micro and nano-capsules and implanted in the brain by means of craniotomy. The results and conclusions of these experiments have been publicized in specialized publications including the renowned Journal of Controlled Release.
Introduction
At the Faculty of Pharmacy of the UPV/EHU-University of the Basque Country encapsulation techniques are being developed to deliver correctly and effectively certain drugs
Main Item
Enara Herran, a researcher at the UPV/EHU's Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, is working to improve the way Alzheimer's and Parkinson's treatments are administered. And it is a fact that, as Herran herself stressed, "both diseases are becoming more and more common in our society".
Both disorders affect the neurones:
Their structure and function is lost, and this in turn leads to the deterioration in the patient's motor, cognitive, sensory and emotional functions. As Herran pointed out, in many cases the drugs used to treat both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's only mitigate the symptoms; they do not act on the origin of the disease. "The treatment is usually on the basis of tablets taken by mouth."
But drugs of this type are not the only ones used to tackle both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Some drugs prevent neuron loss and help new ones to form; growth factors, for example.
"In any case, they are not used so much because there is no effective, safe way of delivering them," said Herran.
As the researcher explained, the drugs have to pass through the blood-brain barrier to reach the neurons, and that is no straightforward task. This is in fact the problem Herran is seeking to overcome by means of her research.
"Growth factors are encapsulated so that they can be administered more effectively and more safely. In other words, they are inserted into micro and nano-capsules and implanted in the brain by means of craniotomy. That way, the drugs would be released right where they have to act, and what is more, in an ongoing way and in the correct dose," explained Herran.
The micro and nanoparticles release these growth factors within a period ranging from 2-3 months and one year until the polymer has degraded. That way the patient does not have to take the medication every day. In any case, this is not the only advantage. In experiments carried out on rats and mice the encapsulated drugs have been found to be much more effective than those taken by mouth. As Herran pointed out, "these two diseases are already a problem for public health, and the scientific community is making a great effort in the quest for and in advances in new treatments".
Heading in the right direction as Herran explained, in experiments conducted on animals they have tested two factors - the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) - encapsulated in a biocompatible, biodegradable polymer - poly (lactic co-glycolic acid) (PLGA).
"We obtained micro and nanoparticles using various encapsulation techniques. Initially, we did the tests for Parkinson's; first in cell cultures and then on mice. We got good results in both trials." Herran stressed that the mice treated with particles improved considerably: "A great improvement was noted in comparison with the control group in terms of behavior as well as the healing of the damaged zones."
After that, they carried out the test for Alzheimer's in mice. Herran said that in this case they also achieved good results:
"Three months after having carried out the procedure, the mice treated had good memories; similar to those of healthy mice. Through a histological analysis we found that the beta-amyloid plaques that develop in Alzheimer's had diminished considerably and so had the inflammation, and that angiogenesis had intensified."
The results and conclusions of these experiments have been publicized in specialized publications including the renowned Journal of Controlled Release. And this is in fact the subject of her PhD thesis. Although the research has not been completed, Herran said she is now doing research into the way of obtaining "better formulations", so as not to have to implant the micro and nanoparticles in the brain. The final goal is clear: to develop the most effective, safest and most suitable way of treating Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
Additional information Enara Herran-Martinez (Vitoria-Gasteiz, 1985), a Doctor in Pharmacy, wrote up her PhD thesis on "Micro y nanoparticulas de factores angiogenicos y neurotroficos como herramienta terapeutica para el tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas " (Micro and nanoparticles of angiogenic and neurotrophic factors as a therapeutic tool for treating neurodegenerative diseases), under the supervision of Prof Rosa Maria Hernandez and Dr Manoli Igartua, of the UPV/EHU's Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology.
She produced her thesis mainly in the UPV/EHU's Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, although part of it was done in the Neurosciences Laboratory at the research center of the Hospital 12 de Octubre in Madrid. In connection with her thesis she has had various papers published in scientific journals:
- E. Herran, J.A. Ruis-Ortega, A. Aristieta, M. Igartua, C. Requejo, J.V. Lafuente, L. Ugedo, J.L. Pedraz, R.M. Hernandez. "In vivo administration of VEGF- and GDNF-releasing biodegradable polymeric micro-spheres in a severe lesion model of Parkinson's disease". European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Bio-pharmaceutics 85 - 3: 1183 - 1190 (2013).
- E. Herran, R. Perez-Gonzalez, M. Igartua, J.L. Pedraz, E. Carro, R.M. Hernandez. "VEGF-releasing biodegradable nano-spheres administered by craniotomy: A novel therapeutic approach in the APPPs1 mouse model of AD". Journal of Controlled Release 170: 111 - 119 (2013).
- E. Herran, C. Requejo, J.A. Ruiz-Ortega, A. Aristieta, M. Igartua, H. Bengoetexea, L.Ugedo, J.V. Lafuente, R.M. Hernandez. "Increased anti-parkinson efficacy of the combined administration of VEGF and GDNF-releasing nano-spheres in a partial lesion model of Parkinson's disease". International Journal of Nanomedicine 9: 2677 - 2687 (2014).
- E. Herran Martinez, M. Igartua Olaechea, J.L. Pedraz Muaoz, R.M. Hernandez Martin. "Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Releasing Growth Factors to the CNS: Focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases". Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 14 - 7: 557 - 566 (2014).
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