BI-RADS: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Chart
Author: Ian C. Langtree - Writer/Editor for Disabled World (DW)
Published: 2025/01/26 - Updated: 2025/01/30
Publication Type: Informative
Category Topic: Calculators - Charts - Related Publications
Page Content: Synopsis - Introduction - Main - Insights, Updates
Synopsis: This article provides an insightful overview of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), a standardized classification tool designed to improve communication, enhance patient management, and ensure consistent breast imaging reporting across mammography, ultrasound, and MRI. By detailing the system's key components, such as lexicons, assessment categories, and management recommendations, the article highlights its vital role in guiding breast cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. With its adaptability to both genders, integration with emerging technologies, and focus on quality assurance, BI-RADS is a valuable resource for healthcare providers, particularly in supporting individuals with specific risk factors or diagnostic challenges, including those with dense breast tissue or disabilities - Disabled World (DW).
- Definition: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS)
The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) is a standardized classification system established by the American College of Radiology (ACR) for reporting findings from breast imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI. It was introduced in 1986, with its first report published in 1993. BI-RADS standardizes the terminology used to describe imaging findings, assigns a final assessment category reflecting the likelihood of malignancy, and provides clear management recommendations. By enhancing communication between radiologists and physicians, BI-RADS ensures consistency in reporting, facilitates quality assurance, and guides patient care with a structured approach to interpreting and acting on breast imaging results. It is applicable to both male and female patients.
Introduction
Similar to the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS), the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) is a standardized classification system developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) in 1986, with the original report released in 1993. This system standardizes mammography reporting, improves communication between radiologists and physicians, and provides consistent recommendations for patient care.
Main Content
BI-RADS is used for reporting findings from breast imaging tests, including mammography, ultrasound, and MRI. The system consists of a standardized lexicon for describing imaging findings and a final assessment category that indicates the likelihood of malignancy and recommends further action.
Is the BI-RADS Scoring System for Both Females and Males?
The BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) chart is used for both men and women. All mammography examinations, regardless of the patient's gender, require a BI-RADS final assessment category in the mammography report. However, it's important to note that management recommendations may differ for men compared to women, as annual screening mammography is not typically recommended for males. While breast cancer is less common in men, the BI-RADS system is still applicable when men undergo mammography for diagnostic purposes or due to specific risk factors.
Gynecomastia (commonly referred to as 'man boobs') is the medical term for the enlargement of breast tissue in males. It occurs when the tissue becomes swollen or overdeveloped due to an imbalance between the hormones estrogen (which promotes breast tissue growth) and testosterone (which inhibits it). This condition can affect one or both breasts and is often characterized by a tender or swollen area around the nipple.
The standardized reporting system helps ensure consistent communication and interpretation of results across all patients, regardless of gender.
Key Components of BI-RADS
Standardized Reporting Structure
- Breast density
- Imaging findings (using approved lexicon)
- Final assessment
- Management recommendations
Breast Composition Descriptors
- Fatty
- Scattered fibroglandular densities
- Heterogeneously dense
- Extremely dense
Lexicon for Imaging Findings
- Masses (shape, margin, density)
- Calcifications
- Asymmetries
- Associated features
- Location of lesions
Final Assessment Categories
The BI-RADS assessment categories range from 0 to 6, indicating the likelihood of malignancy and recommended actions. This chart is presented in table form below.
| Category | Description | Likelihood of Cancer | Recommended Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| BI-RADS 0 | Incomplete | N/A | Need additional imaging |
| BI-RADS 1 | Negative | 0% | Routine screening |
| BI-RADS 2 | Benign | 0% | Routine screening |
| BI-RADS 3 | Probably Benign | ≤ 2% | Short-term follow-up |
| BI-RADS 4 | Suspicious | 2% - 95% | Biopsy recommended |
| BI-RADS 5 | Highly Suggestive of Malignancy | ≥ 95% | Biopsy required |
| BI-RADS 6 | Known Biopsy-Proven Malignancy | 100% | Treatment planning |
Benefits of the BI-RADS System
- Standardized communication: BI-RADS enables radiologists to communicate results clearly and consistently to referring physicians, improving overall patient care.
- Structured reporting: The system provides a standardized lexicon and report organization for mammography, ultrasound, and MRI of the breast.
- Quality assurance: BI-RADS facilitates peer review and quality assurance through medical audits and outcome monitoring.
- Improved patient management: The system offers specific management recommendations based on the final assessment categories.
- Enhanced research capabilities: Standardized results allow for maintenance and analysis of demographic and outcome data.
- Comprehensive guidance: The BI-RADS atlas includes over 700 clinical images and guidance with FAQs for each section.
- Adaptability: BI-RADS has evolved to include new descriptors for breast composition, elasticity assessment, and breast implants.
- Support for emerging technologies: The system contributes to the development of computer-assisted diagnosis programs and structured reporting software.
These benefits have made BI-RADS an essential tool in breast imaging, promoting consistent interpretation and communication of results across the medical community.
Limitations of the BI-RADS System
- Subjectivity: There is still some degree of subjectivity in interpreting results and assigning categories, which can lead to variability between radiologists.
- False results: The system can produce false positive or false negative results, potentially leading to unnecessary biopsies or missed cancers.
- Limited classification: BI-RADS does not classify or stage cancer; it only indicates the likelihood of malignancy.
- Wide range in Category 4: The suspicious category (BI-RADS 4) has a broad range of cancer likelihood, from 2% to 95%, which can be challenging for patient management.
- Breast composition reporting: Breast composition information is typically not reported in coded form, making it difficult for automated systems to extract this data efficiently.
- Decreased sensitivity in dense breasts: The system's effectiveness is reduced in women with dense breast tissue, as it can obscure potential abnormalities.
- Limited applicability: For younger women, children, and adolescents, the BI-RADS score may not be as reliable.
- Mammography limitations: The system is affected by inherent limitations of mammography, such as limited evaluation of the upper inner quadrant and lack of assessment of the chest wall.
Despite these limitations, BI-RADS remains a valuable tool for standardizing breast imaging communication and improving patient care.
BI-RADS has evolved since its inception, with updates including the addition of lexicons for ultrasound in 2003 and MRI in 2006. The latest edition, BI-RADS 5, was released in 2013 and includes six classifications for lesions. This system continues to be an essential tool in breast imaging, providing a standardized approach to reporting and management recommendations for breast abnormalities.
Insights, Analysis, and Developments
Editorial Note:The BI-RADS system remains an indispensable tool in modern breast imaging, providing a standardized framework that enhances communication, supports accurate diagnosis, and guides patient management. While it has limitations, such as subjectivity in interpretation and decreased sensitivity in dense breast tissue, its ongoing evolution and integration with emerging technologies underscore its importance in advancing breast cancer care. By promoting consistency and clarity in reporting, BI-RADS empowers healthcare providers to make informed decisions, ultimately improving outcomes for all patients, including those with unique diagnostic needs or vulnerabilities
- Disabled World (DW).
Author Credentials: Ian is the founder and Editor-in-Chief of Disabled World, a leading resource for news and information on disability issues. With a global perspective shaped by years of travel and lived experience, Ian is a committed proponent of the Social Model of Disability-a transformative framework developed by disabled activists in the 1970s that emphasizes dismantling societal barriers rather than focusing solely on individual impairments. His work reflects a deep commitment to disability rights, accessibility, and social inclusion. To learn more about Ian's background, expertise, and accomplishments, visit his full biography.